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MCAT Physical Sciences > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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0
Q

What are two examples of vectors?

A

Velocity and force

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1
Q

What is the definition of a vector?

A

Physical quantity with both magnitude and direction

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2
Q

What is the definition of a scalar?

A

Physical quantities that have magnitude but no direction

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3
Q

What are two examples of a scalar quantity?

A

Mass and speed

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4
Q

Is displacement dependent or independent of the path taken?

A

Independent

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5
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

Displacement / time

Units: m/s

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6
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Velocity / time

Units: m/s2

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7
Q

What is the kinematic equation that doesn’t involve displacement?

A

Vfinal = Vinitial + at

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8
Q

What is the kinematic equation for displacement?

A

X = Vot + 1/2a*t2

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9
Q

What is the kinematic equation that does not involve time?

A

Vfinal2 = Vinitial2 + 2ax

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10
Q

What is the equation for displacement?

A

X = tv

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11
Q

What is the equation for the vertical component for projective motion?

A

Vsin(theta)

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12
Q

What is the equation for the horizontal component of velocity for projectile motion?

A

Vcos(theta)

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13
Q

During projectile motion, what is the vertical velocity at the peak height?

A

0

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14
Q

What is static friction?

A

Static friction is the friction of an object that must be overcome to set an object in motion

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15
Q

What is kinetic friction?

A

Kinetic friction is the friction that opposed the motion of objects relative to each other

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16
Q

What is the formula for kinetic friction?

A

Fk =uk * N

Uk is the coefficient of friction
N is the normal force

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17
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

The law of inertia

A body in a state of motion or at rest will remain in that state unless acted upon by a net force

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18
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

When a net force is applied to a body of mass, the body will be accelerated in the same direction as the force applied to the mass

F=m*a

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19
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

Equal and opposite forces

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20
Q

What is Newton’s law of gravitation?

A

F = Gm1m2/r2

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21
Q

What is the equation for acceleration of uniform circular motion?

A

v2/r

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22
Q

What is the equation for force for uniform circular motion?

A

F = mv2/r

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23
Q

What is the equation and units for work?

A

Fdcos(theta)

Units: Joule (N*m)

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24
Q

What is the equation and units for power?

A

Power = work / time

Units: Watt (Joule/s)

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25
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

(1/2)mv2

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26
Q

What is the equation for potential energy?

A

U = mgh

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27
Q

What is the equation given by momentum?

A

p = mv

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28
Q

What is the momentum for completely inelastic collisions?

A

M1v1 = (m1+m2)Vf

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29
Q

What is the equation for impulse?

A

Ft

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30
Q

What is the equation for specific heat?

A

Q = mc(deltaT)

*can only be used to find Q when the object does not change phase

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31
Q

What is the equation for heat of transformation?

A

Q = mL

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32
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

U = Q - W

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33
Q

What are the conditions and the equation for an adiabatic process?

A

Q = 0 (no heat transfer)

U = -W

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34
Q

What are the conditions and the equation for an isovolumic process?

A

W = 0 (constant volume and no work done)

U = Q

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35
Q

Understanding Shear’s modulus

A

(F/A) / (x/h)

Gliding or sliding of an object

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36
Q

Understanding Young’s modulus

A

Stress/strain

F/A) / (l/lo

37
Q

What is Coulomb’s law?

A

F = kq1q2 / r2

Units: Newton’s

38
Q

What is the equation for an electric field?

A

E = F/q = kq/r

Units: N/C

39
Q

What is the concept behind an electric field?

A

A positive point charge will move in the same direction as the electric field vector; a negative charge will move in the opposite direction

40
Q

What is the equation for electric potential energy?

A

U = kq1Q / r = qEd = qV

Units: J

41
Q

What is the equation for electric potential?

A

V = W/q

Units: J/C

42
Q

What is the equation for potential difference (voltage)?

A

V= W/q = kq/r

Units= J/C

43
Q

What are the units and the equation for density?

A

m/v

Units: kg/m3

44
Q

What is the equation and units for pressure for liquids and solids?

A

P = F/A

Units: N/m2

45
Q

What is the equation for absolute pressure of a fluid?

A

P = Po - pgh

46
Q

What is the equation for continuity for fluids and solids?

A

A1v1 = A2v2

47
Q

What is the equation for buoyant force?

A

Fbuoyant = pfluid * g * Vsubmerged

48
Q

What is the definition of buoyant force?

A

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

49
Q

What is the equation for Pascals principle for pressure?

A

P= F1/A1 = F2/A2

A1d1 = A2d2

W=F1d1 = F2d2

50
Q

What is the equation for force on a moving charge?

A

A charge in a magnetic field

F = qVBsin(theta)

51
Q

What is the equation for a force on a current-carrying wire?

A

F = ILBsin(theta)

52
Q

What is the equation for resistance for circuits?

A

R = pL / A

Units: ohm

53
Q

What is the equation for Vrms?

A

Vrms= Vrms / sqrt 2

54
Q

What is the equation for Irms?

A

Irms = Vmax / sqrt 2

55
Q

What are the equations for a circuit in series?

A 
Rtotal= R1 + R2 + R3....
Vtotal = V1 + V2 + V3...
Itotal = I1 = I2 = I3
56
Q

What are the equations for a circuit in parallel?

A 
1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3...
Vtotal = V1 = V2 = V3
Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3...
Ctotal = C1 + C2 + C3...
57
Q

What is the equation for capacitance?

A

C = Q/V

Capacitance increases with a dielectric constant

58
Q

What are the equations for energy stored in capacitors?

A

U = (1/2)QV = (1/2)CV2 = (1/2)Q2/C

59
Q

What is the equation for the force of a spring?

A

F = -kx

60
Q

What is the equation for potential energy of a spring?

A

U = (1/2)kx2

61
Q

What is the angular frequency of a mass-spring?

A

Angular frequency = sqrt k/m

62
Q

What is the angular frequency of simple pendulum?

A

Angular frequency = sqrt g/L

63
Q

What type of wave is sound?

A

Longitudinal

64
Q

What type of wave is light?

A

Transverse

65
Q

What is the formula for frequency of a wave?

A

f = 1/T

66
Q

What is the formula for velocity of a wave?

A

v = f *wavelength

67
Q

What is the formula and units for intensity of sound?

A

I = P/A

Units: W/m2

68
Q

What is beat frequency?

A

The absolute value of the difference between frequencies

69
Q

What is the equation for the wavelength of standing waves such as strings and open pipes?

A

2L / n

70
Q

What is the equation for frequency of standing waves such as strings and open pipes?

A

nv / 2L

71
Q

What is the equation for index of refraction?

A

n = c/v

72
Q

What is the value for speed of light?

A

c = 3 x 10^8 m/s

73
Q

What way will the light bend if n2 > n1?

A

The light will bend towards the normal

74
Q

What way will the light bend if n1 > n2?

A

It will bend away from the normal

75
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

When a source and detector move relative to one another, the perceived frequency of the sound received differs from the actual frequency emitted even though the source velocity and frequency is unchanged

76
Q

What is the equation for mirrors?

A

1/f = 1/i + 1/o

77
Q

What are some characteristics of a concave mirror if the object is inside the focal length?

A

The image formed will be behind the mirror, enlarged, and virtual

78
Q

What are some characteristics of a convex mirror?

A

The image will be a virtual and erect image

79
Q

What is the equation for focal length of a mirror?

A

f = r/2

80
Q

What are some characteristics of a converging lens of the object is beyond the focal point?

A

The image formed is real and inverted

81
Q

What are the characteristics of a converging lens where the object is inside the focal length?

A

The image formed is virtual, erect, and enlarged

82
Q

What are the characteristics of a converging lens where the object is on the focal point?

A

No image is formed

83
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

M = - (i/o)

84
Q

If the absolute value of m is less than 1 the image will be…

A

Reduced

85
Q

If the absolute value of m is greater than 1 the image is…

A

Enlarged

86
Q

What is the equation for energy of a photon?

A

E = hf = hc/wavelength

87
Q

What is the equation for nuclear binding energy?

A

E = mc2 results in the conversion of matter to energy

88
Q

What are the values for an alpha decay?

A

4, 2

89
Q

What are the values for beta minus decay?

A

0, -1

90
Q

What are the values for beta plus decay?

A

0, +1

MCAT Physical Sciences (1 decks)

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