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CORE EXAM > Physics 2 - Module 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Physics 2 - Module 4 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The number of times the sweep of sound is produced by the transducer

A

Frame rate (frames per second)

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2
Q

How is frame rate related to temporal resolution?

A

Directly related. If frame rate increases, so does temporal resolution.

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3
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect frame rate?

A
  1. Depth
  2. Sector angle
  3. Number of scan lines
  4. Number of focal zones
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4
Q

How does depth affect frame rate?

A

Increased depth, decreased FR

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5
Q

How does sector width affect FR?

A

Narrower sector, increased FR

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6
Q

How does # of scan lines affect FR?

A

More scan lines = lower FR

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7
Q

How long does it take sound to travel 1 cm and back?

A

13 microseconds

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8
Q

Each element is divided into smaller pieces or sub-elements that act as one crystal and causes grating lobes to project out at 90 degrees or greater to the main beam

A

Sub dicing

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9
Q

What are the 3 kinds of resolution

A
  1. Detail (spatial)
  2. Contrast
  3. Temporal
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10
Q

What are the 3 types of detail resolution

A
  1. Axial
  2. Lateral
  3. Elevational
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11
Q

The ability to separate reflectors along the path of the beam

A

Axial resolution

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12
Q

What is axial resolution dependent on?

A

SPL

=1/2 SPL

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13
Q

If SPL decreases, what happens to axial resolution?

A

It improves

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14
Q

what 5 things relate to better axial resolution?

A
  1. Higher frequency
  2. Wide bandwidths
  3. Decreased wavelength
  4. Increased damping
  5. Low Q factor
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15
Q

The ability to separate reflectors perpendicular to the path of the beam.

A

Lateral resolution

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16
Q

What is lateral resolution dependent on?

A

The width of the beam.

17
Q

What are other names for axial resolution?

A
  1. Longitudinal
  2. Range
  3. Depth
18
Q

What happens to resolution if beam width decreases?

A

It improves

19
Q

What 5 things relate to better lateral resolution?

A
  1. Distance from the probe
  2. Higher frequency
  3. Amount of focusing
  4. NZL
  5. Size of aperture
20
Q

What are some other names for lateral resolution?

A
  1. Angular
  2. Transverse
  3. Azimuthal
21
Q

The ability to separate reflectors perpendicular to the image plane of the beam

A

Elevational resolution/slice thickness

22
Q

What is elevational resolution directly related to?

A

Width of the beam in the z axis

23
Q

What 4 things relate to better elevational resolution?

A
  1. Distance from the probe
  2. Higher frequency
  3. NZL
  4. Amount of focusing in the Z plane
24
Q

The ability to distinguish subtle differences in tissue grayscale

A

Contrast resolution

25
Q

What is contrast resolution related to?

A

Bit depth

26
Q

What things relate to better temporal resolution? 5 of them:

A
  1. Depth
  2. Sector width
  3. Number of foci
  4. Frame rate
  5. Number of lines per frame

CORE EXAM (6 decks)

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