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AQA GCSE Physics > Physics 1B > Flashcards

Physics 1B Flashcards

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1
Q

What waves are in the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

A 
Radio waves- longest wave
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultra Violet
X-rays
Gamma rays-shortest wave
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2
Q

What wave is used mostly for communication?

A

Radio waves

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3
Q

What wave is used for satellite communication and mobile phones?

A

Microwaves

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4
Q

Which waves can be reflected, refracted and diffracted?

A

All of them

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5
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The displacement (distance) between the rest position of a wave and the crest of a wave.

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6
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The length of a full cycle of a wave (crest to crest)

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7
Q

What is the frequency?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point per second. Measured in hertz (Hz)- 1 Hz is 1 wave per second.

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8
Q

What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave?

A
  • In transverse waves, the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave.
  • In longitudinal waves, the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the wave.
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9
Q

How do you work out wave speed?

A

Wave speed= frequency x wavelength

(m/s) (Hz) (m)

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10
Q

What waves are transverse?

A
  1. Light and all other EM waves
  2. Ripples on water
  3. Waves on strings
  4. A slinky spring wiggled up and down
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11
Q

What waves are longitudinal?

A
  1. Sound waves and ultrasound
  2. Shock waves (seismic waves)
  3. A slinky spring when you push the end
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12
Q

Which wave can compressions and rarefactions occur?

A

Longitudinal waves

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13
Q

What is diffraction?

A

Waves ‘bend around’ obstacles, causing the waves to spread out.

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14
Q

What is refraction?

A

When a wave changes speed which can cause a change of direction

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15
Q

Why does the amount of diffraction depend on the size of the gap relative to the wavelength?

A

The narrower the gap or the longer the wavelength, the more the wave spreads out.

  • If the gap was the same length as the wavelength then maximum diffraction will occur
  • If the gap was wider than the wavelength then there will be little diffraction
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16
Q

What happens during the process of refraction?

A

When a wave hits a boundary between two substances, for example glass to air, then the change of speed causes it to change direction.
- If the wave is travelling along the normal (the angle of incidence is 0) it will change speed but not direction- it will not get refracted.

17
Q

What is the calculation to work out power?

A

Power= Energy transferred/ Time taken

(W)

18
Q

What are the non-renewable sources of energy?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear fuels

19
Q

What are the renewable sources of energy?

A 
Wind
Waves/Tides
Hydroelectric
Solar
Geothermal
Food
Biofuels
20
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines?

A 
\+ No pollution
\+ No permanent damage to the environment
- No power when the wind stops
- Initial costs are quite expensive
- Noisy
- Spoil the view
21
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of power stations?

A
  1. Burns coal-non renewable source of energy

2. Burning of coal would release CO2 into the atmosphere- cause of climate change.

22
Q

What is hydroelectric power?

A
  1. It usually involves flooding a valley by building a dam that collects falling water
  2. The rainwater is allowed through turbines which means there is no pollution as such.
23
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

A

+ Provides an immediate response to an increased demand for electricity
+ Useful way to generate electricity on a small scale in remote areas
- Big impact on the environment because of the flooding of a valley- rotting vegetation releases methane and CO2)
- Possible loss of habitat for some species
-/+ Initial costs are high but there’s no fuel involved and minimal running costs

AQA GCSE Physics (3 decks)

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