physics Flashcards
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
True or False: The internal energy of a closed system can change if heat is added or work is done on the system.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
temperature
What is the definition of entropy?
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
Which law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of absolute zero?
The third law of thermodynamics.
What is the formula for calculating work done on or by a gas during expansion or compression?
W = PΔV, where W is work, P is pressure, and ΔV is the change in volume.
Multiple Choice: Which process involves no heat exchange with the surroundings? A) Isothermal, B) Adiabatic, C) Isobaric, D) Isochoric
B) Adiabatic
What is the significance of the Carnot cycle in thermodynamics?
The Carnot cycle represents the most efficient cycle possible for a heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs.
True or False: Heat is a state function.
False
What does the term ‘thermal equilibrium’ mean?
Thermal equilibrium occurs when two systems in contact do not exchange heat because they are at the same temperature.
Fill in the blank: The __________ law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
second
What is the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature in an ideal gas?
The ideal gas law is given by PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a state function? A) Internal energy, B) Enthalpy, C) Heat, D) Entropy
C) Heat
What is specific heat capacity?
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
True or False: In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant.
True
What is the purpose of a heat engine?
The purpose of a heat engine is to convert thermal energy into mechanical work.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
latent heat
What is a thermodynamic system?
A thermodynamic system is a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for analysis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes increases the entropy of a system? A) Freezing, B) Melting, C) Condensation, D) Compression
B) Melting
