physics

Question 1

What are the two categories of energy?

Answer 1

Potential & kinetic

Question 2

Identify types of potential energy (5)

Answer 2

gravitational, elastic, electric, chemical, nuclear

Question 3

Identify types of kinetic energy

Answer 3

kinetic, thermal

Question 4

state the law of conservation of energy

Answer 4

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred

Question 5

what is an electrical current?

Answer 5

flow of charged particles

Question 6

how does a current flow through a circuit?

Answer 6

a power source creates voltage that pushes electrons through the circuit

Question 7

what is voltage?

Answer 7

The change in potential energy

Question 8

identify components that make up a circuit

Answer 8

power source: provides energy
wires: connect components, flow of current
load: resistor, light bulb, motor - consumes energy
switch: can open or close a circuit

Question 9

what is current?

Answer 9

the amount of charge passing a point each second OR the energy being transferred to or from an electron.

Question 10

what is resistance?

Answer 10

The ratio of the voltage across a component, to the amount of current that will pass through

Question 11

How does resistance affect the flow of a current?

Answer 11

when the resistance is increased, the current has less energy

Question 12

what is the relationship between voltage, current & resistance? (Ohm’s law)

Answer 12

V = IxR
R = V/I
I = V/R

Question 13

difference between series and parallel circuits

Answer 13

parallel circuit → each electron travels down only one paths and transfers all its energy there, the current splits into 2 paths

series circuit → the total voltage drop across all components is equal to the voltage supplied by the power supply, because each electrons passes through energy component and shares its energy transfers, the current is the same every where

Question 14

Identify the formula for resistance in a series circuit

Answer 14

All the resistance added up together

Question 15

Identify the formula for resistance in a parallel circuit

Answer 15

1/resistance total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 …

Question 16

define dissipation of energy

Answer 16

The process where energy is transformed into forms that are less useful (heat, light, sound, etc). In electrical circuits, dissipation is the conversion of electrical energy into heat due to the resistance of materials.

Question 17

define motion

Answer 17

Motion is the change in the position of an object with respect to time

Question 18

define energy

Answer 18

the ability to do work

Question 19

Identify the difference between distance and displacement

Answer 19

distance: magnitude, scalar
displacement: magnitude, direction, vector

Question 20

describe how forces cause motion

Answer 20

Forces are the causes of motion and changes in motion. forces can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change direction. They can also alter the speed or shape of an object in motion. Forces are responsible for accelerating objects.

Question 21

Describe how the slope of a distance time graph indicates the speed of an object

Answer 21

steeper slope = higher speed.
flatter slope = lower speed.
horizontal line = object is at rest.

Question 22

Identify the difference between speed and velocity

Answer 22

speed: the rate at which an object moves, magnitude, scalar

velocity: rate at which an object moves in a specific direction, magnitude, direction, vector

Question 23

speed, distance, time equation

Answer 23

Distance = speed x time
Time = distance/speed
Speed = distance travelled/time taken

Average speed = d2 - d1 / t2 - t1

Question 24

Define acceleration and identify the units used for acceleration

Answer 24

The rate of change of velocity
m/s/s

Question 25

acceleration formula

Answer 25

a = vf - vi /tf - ti

Question 26

Newtons first law of motion

Answer 26

An object will keep moving with the same velocity unless acted on by a net force. (this is due to inertia)

Question 27

what is intertia

Answer 27

inertia is the tendency of an object to maintain its current motion without change

Question 28

newtons third law of motion

Answer 28

Every force has an equal & opposite reaction force

Question 29

newtons second law of motion

Answer 29

The net force of an object is equal to its mass multiplied u its acceleration
F = ma (N = kg x m/s/s)