Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CE Science at 13+ > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define energy and state its units. (2)

A

Energy is the ability to do work (1) It is measured in Joules. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 8 main forms of energy and briefly explain them. (2)

A

Kinetic energy
Heat energy
Light energy
Chemical energy
Elastic Potential energy
Gravitational potential energy
Electrical energy
Sound energy
Nuclear energy (1)
(Anything sensible for part 2) (1).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the Law of Conservation of Energy. (3)

A

Energy can neither be created (1) nor destroyed (1), but only changed from one form to another. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Show how energy can be transferred from one form to
another. (8)

A

Mechanically - By the action of a force.
Electrically - By an electrical current.
Radiation - By Light waves or Sound waves.
Heating - By conduction, convection or radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Distinguish between and describe; conduction,
convection, and radiation. (3)

A

Conduction is the flow of heat energy from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature without overall movement of the material itself. (1)

Convection is the flow of heat energy from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature by movement of a fluid. Convection only occurs in fluids (liquids and gases). (1)

Radiation is the transfer of heat energy from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature by infrared radiation. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List examples of renewable energy and describe how they can benefit from the environment. (6)

A

Any three of: wind power, wave power, hydroelectric power, solar power and in the future, tidal power. (3)
These renewable sources of energy are much cleaner to use than fossil fuels because they do not produce harmful gases (1) that cause pollution (1) and climate change. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Distinguish between a renewable and non-renewable
source of energy. (2)

A

Non-renewable energy includes coal, gas and oil. Machines all get the energy to move from burning fossil fuels to release the energy they contain. Once fossil fuels are burned they are gone - that’s why they are non-renewable. (1)

Renewable energy includes solar, hydro and wind energy. When the wind (for example) moves the blades on a wind turbine this movement can be converted into electrical energy that we can use. The wind is not used up - that’s why it is renewable. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define a fossil fuel, how it is formed and give an example. (3)

A

Fossil fuels are the remains of creatures and plants that lived millions of years ago. (1)
1. Both oil and gas come from layers of dead marine organisms.
2. When they died, their bodies fell to the bottom of the sea. Over millions of years, layers of mud and rock built up over them which put them under massive pressure.
3. This, together with the geothermal heat from the earth’s mantle, changed them into oil and gas. (1)
Gas, coal and oil are fossil fuels. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define a luminous and non-luminous object and give
examples of both. (4)

A

A luminous object gives out, or emits, its own light. (1)
Sun, Stars and Light Bulb… (1)

A non-luminous object does not give out its own light. (1)
Spoon, Table and Chair… (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: Light travels in straight lines. (1)

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe an experiment to prove light travels in straight
lines. (2)

A

Arrange three pieces of card, with holes in them, into an uneven line. Then position a luminous object so that they go through one of the cards. The light will eventually stop and cannot travel through all three cards. (1) When you arrange the holes in a straight line, the light can travel through. (1) This shows that light travels in a straight line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Draw (Describe Here) a light diagram with arrows

A

PPT 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe an experiment to show reflection, also be able
to label the diagram.

A

PPT 10 - 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Draw and Label a Periscope

A

PPT 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe an experiment to show refraction, also be able
to label the diagram.

A

PPT 17 - 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can white light be dispersed, name the
colours. (8)

A

Yes (1): red (1), orange (1), yellow (1), green (1), blue (1), indigo (1) and violet. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe how we see colours, how colours can be
absorbed or reflected. (3)

A

When light hits a surface, some of it is absorbed and some of it is reflected. The light that is reflected is the colour of the object in that light. (1) For example, a blue object absorbs all the colours of the spectrum except blue: it reflects blue light, (1) which then reflects into our eyes, therefore we see light. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Label a sound wave.

A

PPT 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is faster, sound or light? (1)

A

Light. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define amplitude, frequency and pitch and be able to
recognise their waves. (4)

A

Amplitude is the maximum height of the wave from its resting position. (1)

Frequency is the number of cycles of the waveform in one second. (1)

Pitch is how high or low the sound is. (1)

PPT 27 - 28 (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How we hear sounds and how loud noises can damage
hearing.

A
  1. A sound wave is funnelled into the ear canal by the pinna (1)
  2. The vibrations in the air make the eardrum vibrate (1)
  3. These vibrations are passed through the three small bones (the ossicles) to a spiral structure called the cochlea (1)
  4. Electrical nerve signals are passed from the cochlea to the brain through the auditory nerve (1)
  5. Our brain interprets these signals as sound (1)

Listening to loud noise for a long time can overwork hair cells in the ear, which can cause these cells to die. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which medium does sound travel fastest through and
why?

A

Solids. (1)

This is because the particles of gases are further apart than solids. Sound waves move more slowly when particles are further apart. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe an experiment to show that sound needs a
medium. (1)

A

Bell Jar Experiment is used to demonstrate that sound needs a medium to travel. Place an electrical bell in the bell jar and pump out the air of the sealed bell jar. Turn on the electric bell. The sound produced by the bell is not audible to our ears. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How sound travels using a medium using the particle
theory. (1)

A

When sound is created, the air particles vibrate and collide with each other, causing the vibrations to pass between air particles. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe some common properties of magnets. (5)

A

MAGNETS HAVE POLES: (1)
Opposite Poles Attract (1)
Same Poles Repel (1)

Domains in a magnet are all lined up. (1)

They obtain an invisible force field: the magnetic field. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe how to plot the magnetic field using plotting
compasses. Arrows to be pointing in the correct direction. (5)

A

Magnetic fields can be mapped out using small plotting compasses:

  1. Place the plotting compass near the magnet on a piece of paper (1)
  2. Mark the direction the compass needle points (1)
  3. Move the plotting compass to many different positions in the magnetic field, marking the needle direction each time (1)
  4. Join the points to show the field lines (1)

The needle of a plotting compass points to the south pole of the magnet. (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe how to make an electromagnet including how to
make it stronger. (3)

A

Flow a current through a wire. (1)

  1. Using more turns on the coil of wire will produce a stronger magnetic field. (1)
  2. Increasing the current through the wire creates a greater current which will produce a stronger magnetic field
    A greater current will produce a stronger magnetic field. (1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

List some common uses of electromagnets. (3)

A

Any three of:

Automatic door locks,
Headphones,
Scrap yard cranes
Magnetic, Levitating trains (3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define and give examples of static electricity. (4)

A

Static electricity is the build up of electrons on an insulator. (1)

Balloon on Hair (1)
Balloon on Jumper (1)
Balloon on a Wall (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define current electricity. (1)

A

Electricity that moves from one place to another. (1)

31
Q

True or False:
The flow of conventional current and the flow of electrons are opposite. (1)

A

True (1)

32
Q

Distinguish between an electrical conductor and an
electrical insulator. (2)

A

Conductors are materials which allow electrical current to flow through them easily. Metals are generally good electrical conductors. (1)
Insulators are materials which are poor conductors and do not allow electrical current to flow through them easily. (1)

33
Q

Identify the common circuit symbols and draw a circuit
diagram correctly.

A

PPT 52 - 53

34
Q

Compare series and parallel circuits. (2)

A

Parallel circuits are a type of circuit where: Voltage is the same everywhere. (1) and where current is shared. (1)

Series circuits are a type of circuit where: Voltage is shared (1) and current is the same everywhere. (1)

35
Q

Define voltage and state its units. (2)

A

Voltage (potential difference ) is a measure of the difference in energy between two parts of a circuit. The bigger the difference in energy, the bigger the potential difference.​ (1)

It is measured in volts. (1)

36
Q

Define current and state its units. (2)

A

Current is a measure of how much electrical charge that flows through a circuit. The more charge that flows, the bigger the current. ​(1)

It is measured in amps. (1)

37
Q

Correctly set up and record the current and voltage in
both a series and parallel circuit. (2)

A

Ammeters are placed in series. (1) Voltmeters are placed in parallel. (1)

38
Q

Define resistance, state its units.
Do conductors have a relatively low resistances compared to
insulators? (3)

A

Resistance is the opposition in an electrical component to the current flowing though it. (1)​

Resistance is measured in ohms. Ω (1)

Yes. (1)

39
Q

What is an LDR and how does it work in a circuit, in low or
strong light. (2)

A

LDRs (light-dependent resistors) are used to detect light levels, for example, in automatic security lights. ​(1)

Their resistance decreases as the light intensity increases​ (1)

40
Q

Does charge always take the easiest route? (1)

A

Yes. (1)

41
Q

Does a diode (an electronic component) only allow electric current to pass through it in one
direction? (1)

A

Yes. (1)

42
Q

Explain what a light emitting diode (LED) is and how it
works. (2)

A

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a special kind of diode that glows when electricity passes through it. ​(1)

In common with all diodes, the LED will only allow current to pass in one direction. (1)

43
Q

Understand the role of switches. (1)

A

Switches allow current to flow through them when the contacts inside are joined together. (1)

44
Q

In what order does it come?

Arrange solar system, galaxy , universe and planet into order. >

A

Universe, galaxy, solar system, and planet.

45
Q

What is the name of our galaxy?

A

The Milky Way

46
Q

Label the solar system in correct order in relation to the sun.

The 8 planets

A
  1. Mercury
  2. Venus
  3. Earth
  4. Mars
  5. Jupiter
  6. Saturn
  7. Uranus
  8. Neptune
47
Q

Define gravity and understand how it differs on other planets.

A

Gravity is a force that exists everywhere. It pulls all things with mass or energy toward one another. Planets weigh different amounts, explaining why the force of gravity is different from planet to planet.

48
Q

Describe how day and night occurs.

A

Our planet spins on an invisible line — called ‘an axis’. Half of the Earth is always facing the Sun, meaning it is lit up. The other half is in darkness until the planet turns around.

49
Q

What is a satellite and give examples of both artificial and natural satellite?

A

A satellite, for example the Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth but communication satellites are artificial satellites of the Earth, is any object that is in orbit around a planet.

50
Q

The moon?

Is it a natural/artificial sattelite? Luminous/non-luminous?

A

The moon is the earth’s natural satellite and a non-luminous object.

51
Q

Describe how a lunar eclipse occurs and be able to draw a diagram.

A

An eclipse of the Moon occurs when the Earth lies directly between the Sun and the Moon and the Moon lies in the shadow of the Earth.

52
Q

Describe how a solar eclipse occurs and be able to draw a diagram.

A

A total solar eclipse happens when the Moon casts the darkest part of its shadow, called the umbra, on Earth.

53
Q

Describe how shadows form and how they differ depending on the time of day.

A

A shadow is a dark shape made when light is stopped or blocked by an object or a person. The earth moves around the sun and, depending on the time of day, shadows formed by its light will be longer or shorter.

54
Q

Describe how the seasons occur and be able to label a diagram of the earth and sun in each season.

A

As Earth moves through its orbit around the Sun, different parts of the planet are tilted closer or further from the Sun, because of the tilt in Earth’s axis. It is the angle of the Earth’s tilt that causes the seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

55
Q

Define Matter

A

Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass

56
Q

Define Mass

A

How much matter an object contains, measured in g/kg

57
Q

Distinguish between mass and weight, include units.

A

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg). Weight is a force due to the pull of gravity on an object. Weight is a force and so is measured in newtons (N).

58
Q

Describe an experiment used to measure the volume of an irregular object using a measuring cylinder or a eureka can.

A

Fill the displacement can until the water is level with the bottom of the pipe. Place a measuring cylinder under the pipe ready to collect the displaced water. Carefully drop the stone into the can and wait until no more water runs into the cylinder. Measure the volume of the displaced water.

59
Q

Define density in relation to the particle theory and understand how it differs in solid liquids and gases.

A

In general, solids are denser than liquids, which are denser than gases. . The particles in the solid are touching with very little space between them. The particles in a liquid usually are still touching but there are some spaces between them. The gas particles have wide distances between them.

60
Q

Use the Density/Mass/Volume triangle to answer questions.

A

Density = Mass/Volume

61
Q

Define volume and know how to work out the volume of
an object.

A

Volume is the amount of space a 3D shape takes up. You can work out the volume of a shape by multiplying height × width × depth.

62
Q

Define force and state its units

A

A push or pull, it has both size and direction. (Newtons (N))

63
Q

Force can make an object do what?

A

Force can make things move, change shape or change their speed.

64
Q

Distinguish between a balanced and un balanced force and be able to recognise them on a force diagram.

A

Balanced forces are forces of equal magnitude but are opposite in direction. Objects acted upon by balanced forces remain at rest or stay in motion at a constant speed. Unbalanced forces, on the other hand, are not equal in magnitude and may or may not be directed in the same direction.

65
Q

Understand that weight is a force and state its units.
Distinguish between mass and weight.

A

Weights’ units: (g/kg)
Mass is a fundamental measurement of how much matter an object contains. Weight is a measurement of the gravitational force on an object.

66
Q

Define friction and give common examples

A

Friction is a force that tends to stop two things from sliding over each other. Example: Car Breaks, Shoes

67
Q

What is a lubricant and give example about how it is used in relation to friction?

A

Lubricants such as grease and oil can be used to reduce friction and prevent wear and tear.

68
Q

Positives and negatives in relation to friction.

A

Positives:
* Car tyres can push against the surface of the road, so the car can move forward.

* Brake blocks can squeeze against a bicycle wheel rim, so that the bike slows down.

* Shoes can grip the floor, so that you do not slip when you try to walk.
Negatives:
* It slows moving things down, and extra force is needed to keep them moving
* It can heat things up and can damage the moving surfaces.

69
Q

Define air resistance and give an example. Understand that terminal velocity refers only to free falling objects.

A

Air resistance is a type of friction between air and another material. For example, when an aeroplane flies through the air, air particles hit the aeroplane making it more difficult for it to move through the air.

70
Q

What is the law of the lever and be able to label a
fulcrum, a load and so forth.

A

The longer the lever, and the further the effort acts from the pivot, the greater the force on the load will be.

71
Q

State the moments equation and the correct units.

A

Moment (Ncm/m) = Force (N) multiplied by the Perpendicular Distance to the Pivot (cm/m)

72
Q

State the law of moments and balance moments using
the moments equation.

A

The Principle of Moments states that when a body is balanced, the total clockwise moment about a point equals the total anticlockwise moment about the same point. Moment =force F x perpendicular distance from the pivot d.

73
Q

State the pressure equation and the correct units

A

Pressure (N/cm^2 or m^2) = Force (N) / A (cm^2 or m^2)

74
Q

State Hooke’s law and be able to describe an experiment to demonstrate the law

A

Hooke’s law: The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

The Hooke’s Law experiment is conducted by suspending an object from a spring scale and measuring the amount of force required to maintain the object in a stationary position.

CE Science at 13+ (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions