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Engineering > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

name the 7 SI units

A

Time - seconds
temperature - kelvin
luminosity - candela
length - metres
amount of substance - moles
current - ampere
mass - kilogram

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2
Q

define precision

A

how consistent the results of repeated measurements are (how spread out they are)

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3
Q

define accuracy

A

how close the measured values are to the true value

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4
Q

define accuracy class

A

percentage of the inherent error of a measuring device compared to full scale deflection

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5
Q

define intrinsic error

A

error caused by faulty measuring equipment

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6
Q

define calibration

A

adjusting an instrument by comparing measurement from the instrument to a standard using a predefined interval

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7
Q

define uncertainty

A

range of values either side of the measurement where the true value is expected to be false

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8
Q

define error

A

difference between the true value and the obtained value

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9
Q

define correction

A

change required for the measured value to be the true value

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10
Q

define true value

A

value that would be obtained if the experiment was 100% accurate

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11
Q

define percentage error

A

relative error as a percentage

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12
Q

define scalar and give an example

A

magnitude
e.g. speed

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13
Q

define vector and give an example

A

both magnitude and direction
e.g. displacement

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14
Q

define resultant force

A

total amount of force acting on an object as well as the direction (vector)

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15
Q

define displacement

A

distance in a given direction

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16
Q

define speed

A

ratio of distance to time of a moving object

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17
Q

define velocity

A

change in displacement by the time taken for it to change

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18
Q

define acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity

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19
Q

define mass

A

property of a body which resists a change in velocity

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20
Q

define density

A

mass divided by volume

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21
Q

define weight

A

1N is the force required to give a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1m/s

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22
Q

what is newton’s first law of motion

A

a body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force

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23
Q

what is newton’s second law of motion

A

the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration, F=ma

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24
Q

what is newton’s third law of motion

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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25
Q

define couple

A

a pair of equal parallel forces which produce rotational motion only

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26
Q

define equilibrium

A

no resultant force and no resultant torque in the system

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27
Q

define work

A

energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement

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28
Q

define kinetic energy

A

a property of a moving object or particle and depends on both mass and motion

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29
Q

define gravitational potential energy

A

energy an object possesses because of its position within a gravitational field

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30
Q

define power

A

rate of doing work or converting energy from one form to another

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31
Q

define kilwatt-hour

A

a unit of energy equal to 3.6MJ

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32
Q

define efficiency

A

ratio of work output to input

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33
Q

define resultant force in crystals

A

the resultant force between two atoms in a crystal is the vector sum of an attractive force and a repulsive force

34
Q

define elastic deformation

A

temporary change in form due to applied stress, reverting to original shape once stress is removed

35
Q

define plastic deformation

A

permanent deformation in a solid object without fracture from a sustained force

36
Q

define a slip

A

large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and direction

37
Q

define ductility

A

ability of a material to plastically deform without breaking
amount of stress applied before breaking

38
Q

define brittleness

A

how much strain can be applied before breaking

39
Q

define toughness

A

amount of energy stored before an object breaks
area under the curve on a stress-strain curve

40
Q

define stiffness

A

ratio of force to extension

41
Q

define hardness

A

ability to resist surface abrasion

42
Q

define malleability

A

how deformed it can become before breaking

43
Q

define strength

A

maximum amount of stress that can be applied before breaking

44
Q

what is hooke’s law

A

the strain in a solid is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that solid

45
Q

define current

A

rate of flow of charge

46
Q

define resistance

A

opposition to the flow of electrons

47
Q

define voltage

A

energy converted from electrical energy to another form when unit charge passes from one point to another

48
Q

what is ohm’s law

A

current through a conductor is proportional to the potential difference across it, provided its temperature remains constant

49
Q

define resistivity

A

relationship between the dimensions of a specimen of a material and its resistance

50
Q

define capacitance

A

property of a conductor to store an electric charge

51
Q

define time constant

A

time required for a capacitor to discharge and is resistance multiplied by capacitance
a capacitor takes about 5T to discharge

52
Q

define inductance

A

a coil has a self-inductance of 1 henry if an e.m.f. of 1V is induced in the coil when the current through the coil changes at the rate of 1A per second

53
Q

define non-destructive testing

A

used to collect information about a material in ways that do not alter it

54
Q

define destructive testing

A

a test method conducted to find the exact point of failure of materials

55
Q

define gauge pressure

A

pressure indicated on a gauge about that due to the atmosphere

56
Q

define absolute pressure

A

gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure

57
Q

define ideal fluid

A

one with assumed zero viscosity

58
Q

define laminar flow

A

fluid moves along layers

59
Q

define turbulent flow

A

particles move in very irregular patterns

60
Q

define viscosity

A

fluid’s ability to resist shear forces

61
Q

define specific heat capacity

A

energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degrees celcius

62
Q

define sensible heat

A

heat energy absorbed or emitted during a change of temperature

63
Q

define latent heat

A

heat energy absorbed or emitted during a change of state

64
Q

define specific latent heat

A

energy required to change the state of a substance

65
Q

what is the derived unit of charge

A

coulomb

66
Q

what is the derived unit for power

A

Watt

67
Q

what is the derived unit of energy

A

Joule

68
Q

what is the derived unit of pressure

A

Pascals

69
Q

what is the derived unit of force

A

Newton

70
Q

define absolute zero

A

when an atom has the lowest internal temperature possible

71
Q

define internal energy

A

total internal kinetic energy of motion of molecules

72
Q

define kinematic viscosity

A

measure of a fluids internal resistance to flow under gravity

73
Q

define dynamic viscosity

A

the ability of a material to resist flow and deform during mechanical oscillation

74
Q

define Archimede’s principle

A

the up-thrust force of an immersed object is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces

75
Q

define electric field

A

region around a charged coil where a force would be exerted onto other charged particles or objects

76
Q

define semiconductor

A

when a substance has a conductivity between an insulator and most metals

77
Q

define conductor

A

an objects that allows the flow of charge

78
Q

define yield point

A

when a solid object being stretched begins to undergo plastic deformation.
the amount of stress in an object before beginning plastic deformation

79
Q

define endurance

A

objects ability to undergo repeated stress cycles

80
Q

define watt

A

method of measuring the rate of energy transfer

Engineering (3 decks)

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