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DAY 3 > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

The SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c

A

Meter

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2
Q

The SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the
fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1

A

Kilogram

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3
Q

_____ is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the __________ frequency ∆Vcs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the ______________ atom, to be _________ when expressed in the unit Hz,
which is equal to s−1.

A

Second; Cesium; Cs-133; 9192631770

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4
Q

The SI unit of electric current.

A

Ampere

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5
Q

The SI unit of thermodynamic temperature

A

Kelvin

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6
Q

The SI unit of amount of substance.

A

Mole

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7
Q

The SI unit of luminous intensity in a given
direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency ____________, Kcd, to be _______when expressed in the unit lm/W.

A

Candela; 540 Thz; 1/683

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8
Q

A cylinder with platinum-iridium alloy is used to define the kilogram. What is the name of this cylinder?

A

Le Grand K

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9
Q

What is the cgs unit of force?

A

dyne

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10
Q

What is the cgs unit of work?

A

erg

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11
Q

What is the cgs unit of viscosity?

A

poise

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
When adding or subtracting measured numbers, the answer should reflect the LEAST accurate scale used in the measurements.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

In the measurement 29.4 cm, what number(s) is the uncertain digit?

A

4 is uncertain

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14
Q

Which measurement has higher uncertainty?
a. 123.4
b. 120
c. 123
d. 123.45

A

b. 120

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15
Q

396 has ___ sig. figs,
65432 has ___ sig. figs.

A

3 ; 5

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16
Q

7609 has ___sig. figs,
5.0004 has ___sig. figs.

A

4 ; 5

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17
Q

0.00020 has ___ sig. figs.
35.0 has ___ sig. figs.

A

2 ; 3

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18
Q

0.02 has ___ sig. fig.
0.0026 has ___ sig. fig.
400 has ___ sig. fig.
400. has ___ sig. figs

A

1 ; 2 ; 1 ; 3

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
In multiplication or division, the resulting answer must be reported with the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the FEWEST significant figures.

A

TRUE

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20
Q

How many significant figures are in the
number 0.220?

A

Three, the leading zero is not significant, but the rest are.

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21
Q

How many significant figures should the product of 1.2 x 1.4592 contain?

A

2

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22
Q

States that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

A

Law of Universal Gravitation

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23
Q

Law of Universal Gravitation
Gravitation Formula

A

Fg = Gm1m2/r^2

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24
Q

The “triple point” of a substance is that point for which the temperature and pressure are such that:

a. only solid and liquid are in equilibrium
b. only solid and vapor are in equilibrium
c. only liquid and vapor are in equilibrium
d. solid, liquid, and vapor are all in equilibrium

A

d.

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25
Q

The lowest velocity which a body must have in order to escape the gravitational attraction of a particular planet or other object.

A

Escape Velocity

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26
Q

Escape Velocity Formula

A

Ve = √(Gm/r)

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27
Q

Centripetal Force Formula

A

Fc = mv^2/r

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28
Q

Linear Expansion Formula

A

ΔL = LoαΔT
α - coefficent of linear expansion

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29
Q

Thermal energy whose transfer to or from a
substance results in a change of temperature

A

Sensible Heat

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30
Q

Sensible Heat Formula

A

Q = mcΔT

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31
Q

The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature.

A

Latent Heat

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32
Q

The amount of heat required to change 1 g of a substance at the temperature of its melting point from the solid to the liquid state without changing
temperature.

A

Latent Heat of Fusion

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33
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

A

80cal/g; 144BTU/lb; 334J/g

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34
Q

It is defined as the heat required to change one mole of liquid at its boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure.

A

Latent Heat of Vaporization

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35
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Water

A

540cal/g; 970BTU/lb; 2260J/g

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36
Q

States that the total radiant heat power
emitted from a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
𝑃 = σT^4A

A

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

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37
Q

Pendulum Formula

A

T = 2π√(L/g)
f = 1/T

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38
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion

A

T = 2π√(m/k)
f = 1/T

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39
Q

Spring

A

F = kx
E = 1/2(kx^2)

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40
Q

Speed of Sound in Solid

A

v = √Y/ρ

Y - Young’s Modulus Constant
ρ - density

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41
Q

Speed of Sound in Liquid

A

v = √K/ρ

K - Bulks Modulus Constant
ρ - density

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42
Q

Speed of Sound in Gas

A

v = √(γRT/m)

γ - specific heat ratio
R - gas constant
m - in kg/mol
T - Kelvin

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43
Q

Open-end Air Columns
- all harmonics

A

λ = V/f = 2L/h

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44
Q

Close-end Air Columns
- odd harmonics only

A

λ = V/f = 4L/h

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45
Q

Audio Frequency Range

A

20 Hz - 20 kHz

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46
Q

Voice Frequency Range

A

300 Hz - to 3 kHz

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47
Q

Infrasonic Waves

A

f < 20 Hz

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48
Q

Ultrasonic Waves are also called as

A

Supersonic Waves

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49
Q

Ultrasonic Waves Range

A

f > 20 kHz

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50
Q

Doppler Shift Formula

A

fo = fs[(V±Vo)/(V±Vs)]

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51
Q

Vo sign if the observer moves toward the source

A

(+)

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52
Q

Vo sign if the observer moves away from the source

A

(-)

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53
Q

Vs sign if the source is moving towards the observer

A

(-)

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54
Q

Vs sign if the source is moving away from the observer

A

(+)

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55
Q

Index of Refraction Formula

A

n = Co/V

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56
Q

Speed of Light

A

c = √(1/μoεo)

μo - permeability of free space, henry/m
εo - permittivity of free space, farad/m

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57
Q

A law stating that the ratio of the sines of the
angles of incidence and refraction of a wave are constant when it passes between two given media

A

Snell’s Law

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58
Q

Snell’s Law Formula

A

n1 sin θi = n2 sin θr

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59
Q

A case of refraction where the light ray can actually bend so much that it never goes beyond the boundary between the two media.

A

Total Internal Reflection

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60
Q

Total Internal Reflection Formula

A

𝜃𝑐 = sin−1(𝑛2/𝑛1)

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61
Q

The scientific study of sight and the behavior of light, or the properties of transmission and deflection of other forms of radiation.

A

Optics

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62
Q

Mirror Equation

A

1/𝑓 = 1/𝑑𝑜 + 1/𝑑i

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63
Q

Magnification

A

M = hi/ho = -di/do

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64
Q

Radius of Curvature

A

R = 2f

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65
Q

The focal length of a _________ mirror has a negative value.

A

convex

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66
Q

The focal length of a _______ mirror has a positive value

A

concave mirror

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67
Q

The negative value for image distance indicates that the image is a _______ image located _______ the mirror

A

virtual; behind

68
Q

The positive value for image distance indicates that the image is a _______ image located _______ the mirror

A

real; in front of

69
Q

A positive magnification indicates that the image is

A

erect

70
Q

A negative magnification indicates that the image is

A

inverted

71
Q

The image produced by a convex mirror of an erect object in front of the mirror is always:

a. virtual, erect and larger than the object

b. virtual, erect and smaller than the object

c. real, erect and larger than the object

d. real, erect and smaller than the object

A

b.

72
Q

Lens or Mirror Equation

A

1/𝑓 = 1/𝑑𝑜 + 1/𝑑i

73
Q

Magnification

A

M = hi/ho = -di/do

74
Q

Radius of Curvature

A

R = 2f

75
Q

Len’s Maker Formula

A

1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 - 1/R2)

R1 - convex
R2 - concave

76
Q

The type of lens used to cure farsightedness is ______________ lens.

A

Convex

77
Q

Farsightedness also known as

A

Hyperopia

78
Q

Nearsightedness also known as

A

Myopia

79
Q

The focal length of a converging lens has a ________ value.

A

positive

80
Q

The focal length of a diverging lens has a ________ value.

A

negative

81
Q

Speed of light is constant number __ in calculator.
What unit?

A

28; m/s

82
Q

Planck Constant is constant number __ in calculator.
What unit?

A

06; J/s

83
Q

Electron charge is constant number __ in calculator.

A

23

84
Q

Boltzmann Constant is constant number __ in calculator.
What unit?

A

25; J/k

85
Q

Avogadro’s Number is constant number __ in calculator.
What unit?

A

24; molecules/mole

86
Q

Gravitational Constant is constant number __ in calculator.

A

39

87
Q

The laws of physics are the same for all observers in any inertial frame of reference relative to one another (principle of relativity).

A

Special Relativity

88
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the light source.

A

TRUE

89
Q

Counterintuitive consequences of Special Relativity

A

Relativity of Simultaneity
Time Dilation
Length Contraction
Finite maximum speed
Mass-energy Equivalence
Relativistic mass

90
Q

Consequences of General Relativity

A

Gravitational Time Dilation
Precession
Light Deflection
Frame Dragging

91
Q

Two events, simultaneous for one observer, may not be simultaneous for another observer if the observers are in relative motion.

A

Relativity of Simultaneity

92
Q

Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an observer’s “stationary” clock.

A

Time dilation

93
Q

Objects are measured to be shortened
in the direction that they are moving
with respect to the observer.

A

Length contraction

94
Q

Energy and mass are equivalent
and transmutable.

A

Mass-energy equivalence

95
Q

Mass-energy equivalence formula

A

E=mc²

96
Q

Clocks run slower in deeper gravitational wells.

A

Gravitational time dilation

97
Q

Orbits precess in a way unexpected in
Newton’s theory of gravity.

(This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary pulsars).

A

Precession

98
Q

Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field

A

Light deflection

99
Q

Rotating masses “drag along” the spacetime around them.

A

Frame dragging

100
Q

The universe is expanding, and the far parts of it are moving away from us faster than the speed of light.

A

Metric expansion of space

101
Q

Lorentz factor

A

γ = 1/ √ [1 − (v/c)²]

102
Q

Lorentz velocity transformation

A

u’ = (u − v) / [1 − (uv/c²)]

103
Q

Relativistic doppler effect (frequency)

A

fo = fs √ [1+ (v/c)]/ [1 − (v/c)]

104
Q

Relativistic doppler effect (wavelength)

A

λo = λs √ [1 − (v/c)]/ [1 + (v/c)]

105
Q

It deals with the study of light and particles at atomic and smaller level

A

Quantum mechanics

106
Q

Beta particles are electrons or positrons emitted from a nucleus during beta decay. These particles travel at a speed of _________ of the speed of light

A

9/10

107
Q

Alpha particles travel at a speed of

A

1/10 of the speed of light
= 1/10 c

108
Q

Gamma particles travel at a speed of

A

≈ c

109
Q

de Broglie wavelength formula

A

λo = h/ mv

h = Planck’s constant (const 06)

110
Q

Planck’s law formula

A

Ep = hc / λ = hf

Ep = energy

111
Q

Formula of frequency

A

f = c/ λ

112
Q

Which among the rainbow colors has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency?

A

Red

113
Q

Which among the rainbow colors has the shortest wavelength and highest frequency?

A

Violet

114
Q

It has a wavelength that is too long to be seen by the naked eye

A

Infrared

115
Q

It has a wavelength that is too short to be seen by the naked eye

A

Ultraviolet

116
Q

Rydberg’s formula

A

1/λ = Z² R∞ (1/n1² − 1/n2²)

Z = atomic number
R∞ = Rydberg’s constant

117
Q

Rydberg’s constant is constant number ____

A

CONST 16

118
Q

Lyman series

A

n2 = 1

119
Q

Balmer series

A

n2 = 2

120
Q

Paschen series

A

n2 = 3

121
Q

Bracket series

A

n2 = 4

122
Q

Pfund series

A

n2 = 5

123
Q

Humphreys series

A

n2 = 6

124
Q

States that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

A

Ohm’s Law

125
Q

Ohm’s Law formula

A

I = V/R

126
Q

When resistors are connected in series, the formula for total resistance is

A

Rₜ = R₁ + R₂ + … + Rₙ

127
Q

Total current in series of resistors

A

Iₜ = I₁ = I₂ = … = Iₙ

128
Q

Formula for total voltage across resistors connected in series

A

Vₜ = V₁ + V₂ + … + Vₙ

129
Q

Formula for total resistance across resistors connected in parallel

A

1/ Rₜ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + … + 1/Rₙ

130
Q

When resistors are connected in parallel, the formula for total current is

A

Iₜ = I₁ + I₂ + … + Iₙ

131
Q

Total voltage of resistors connected in parallel

A

Vₜ = V₁ = V₂ = … = Vₙ

132
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The lower the resistance, the higher the current flow.

A

TRUE

133
Q

Formulas for transformers

A

Nₚᵣᵢ/ Nₛₑ꜀ = Vₚᵣᵢ / Vₛₑ꜀
IₚᵣᵢNₚᵣᵢ = Iₛₑ꜀Nₛₑ꜀
Rₚᵣᵢ/ Rₛₑ꜀ = (Nₚᵣᵢ/ Nₛₑ꜀)²

134
Q

Area expansion formula

A

ΔA = AₒαₐΔT

αₐ = coefficient of area expansion

135
Q

Coefficient of area expansion

A

αₐ = 2αₗ

αₗ = coefficient of linear expansion

136
Q

Volume expansion formula

A

ΔV = VₒαᵥΔT

αᵥ = coefficient of volume expansion

137
Q

Coefficient of volume expansion

A

αᵥ = 3αₗ

αₗ = coefficient of linear expansion

138
Q

Nuclear sizes are expressed in a unit named

A

Fermi

Femtometer -> 10⁻¹⁵ m

139
Q

Lightyear is a unit of

A

distance

140
Q

Mirage is due to

A

unequal heating of different parts of
atmosphere

141
Q

Stars appears to move from east to west because

A

the earth rotates from west to east

142
Q

If two bodies of different masses, initially at rest, are acted upon by the same force for the same time, then both bodies acquire the same __

A

momentum or impulse

143
Q

It is not emitted by radioactive substances

A

neutrons

144
Q

Sound waves in air are ___

A

longitudinal

145
Q

Waves that are perpendicular to the medium

A

Transverse waves

146
Q

Waves that are parallel to the medium

A

Longitudinal waves

147
Q

Materials for a rain-proof coats and tents owe their water-proof properties to

A

surface tension

148
Q

The temperature at areas higher than sea level is __ than areas closer to sea level

A

lower

149
Q

It takes much longer to cook food in the hills than in the plains, because in the hills the atmospheric pressure is _____ than that in the plains and therefore water boils at a temperature _____ than 100 deg C causing an increase in cooking time

A

lower; lower

150
Q

Intensity of sound at a point is _____________ its distance from the source

A

inversely proportional to square of

151
Q

Of the four locations mentioned below the highest inside temperature will be attained in the pressure cooker operated with the pressure valve open.

a. at sea level
b. at the top of Mt. Everest
c. at a place below sea level
d. in an aeroplane flying at a height of 10km
with inside pressure maintained at the sea level

A

c. at a place below sea level

152
Q

Mercury is commonly used as a thermodynamic fluid rather than water because

A

mercury has greater visibility than water

153
Q

Impulse is equal to __ (formula)

A

Force x time

154
Q

Momentum is equal to __ (formula)

A

mass x velocity

155
Q

An object’s change in momentum is equal to its ___

A

impulse

156
Q

Pascal’s principle

A

Pᵢₙ = Pₒᵤₜ
Fᵢₙ/Aᵢₙ = Fₒᵤₜ/Aₒᵤₜ

157
Q

Bernoulli equation

A

P₁ + ρgh₁ + 1/2 ρv₁² = P₂ + ρgh₂ + 1/2 ρv₂²

158
Q

It is the ratio of the amount of charge Q on either conductor to the potential difference V between the conductors.

A

Capacitance

159
Q

Capacitance formula

A

C = Q/V

C = capacitance
Q = charge
V = voltage/ potential difference

160
Q

Formula of total voltage V for capacitors connected in series

A

Vₜ = V₁ + V₂

161
Q

Total charge Q of capacitors in series formula

A

Qₜ = Q₁ = Q₂

162
Q

Total capacitance C formula for capacitors in series

A

1/Cₜ = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂

163
Q

For capacitors in parallel, the formula for total charge Q is

A

Qₜ = Q₁ + Q₂

164
Q

Total voltage V of capacitors in parallel formula

A

Vₜ = V₁ = V₂

165
Q

Formula of total capacitance C for capacitors connected in parallel

A

Cₜ = C₁ + C₂

DAY 3 (3 decks)

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