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CET > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

These are physical quantities that have magnitude only and can be handled like ordinary real numbers.

Ex:
Mass
Time
Temperature
Energy
Speed 
Distance
Work
Power
A

Scalar Quantities

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2
Q

Physical quantities with magnitude and a specified direction in space. Denoted by an uppercase letter in boldface, like A, to distinguish them from scalar quantities.

Ex.
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
force
Momentum
Impulse
A

Vector Quantities

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3
Q

The scalar corresponding to a vector, denoted by |V| or simply V.

P.S. This is never a negative number. The zero vector has undefined direction

A

Magnitude of a vector

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4
Q

V = W if and only if |v| = |w| with V and W along the same direction.

A

Vector Equality

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5
Q

A vector that has the same magnitude as the given vector but points in the opposite direction

|V| = |-V|

A

Negative of a vector

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6
Q

The individual projections of a vector onto the x- and y-axes ; given by Vx and Vy, respectively

Vx = |V|cos(angle)
Vy = |V|sin(angle)
A

Components of a Vector

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7
Q

Sin 0 degrees = cos 90 degrees = 0
Sin 90 degrees = cos 0 = 1
Sin 45 degrees = cos 45 = Square root of 2 over 2
Sin 30 degrees = cos 60 degrees = 1/2
Sin 60 degrees = cos 30 degrees = Square root 3 over 2

A

Trigonometric ratios of some angles

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8
Q

V =
θ = tan⁻¹|Vₓ/Vᵧ|
|V| = √Vₓ²+vᵧ²

A

component form of a vector

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9
Q

Study of motion

A

kinematics

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10
Q

length of the line or curve following the object’s path, scalar, SI unit: meter (m)

A

Distance

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11
Q

Change in object’s position, vector pointing from object’s initial position to final position, SI unit: meter (m).

in one direction
∆x = Xf - Xi

A

Displacement

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12
Q

distance traveled by an object over the time elapsed, scalar, SI unit; meters per second (m/s)

average speed = d/t

A

Average speed

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13
Q

Speed of an object at an instant of time, scalar, SI unit: m/s

A

Instantaneous speed

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14
Q

displacement of the object over the time elapsed , vector, SI unit of magnitude: m/s.

In one dimension, the average velocity of an object is

ave v = ∆x/ t

in two dimensions

v ave = <∆x/t, ∆y/t>

A

Average velocity

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15
Q

velocity of an object at an instant of time, vector, when velocity changes uniformly then

v ave = (Vf + Vi) / 2

A

instantaneous velocity

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15
Q

when the velocity of an object is _______, then instantaneous velocity is equal to average velocity. If speed is _____, then instantaneous speed is equal to average speed

A

Constant

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16
Q

Change in an object’s velocity, not zero when object speeds up, slows down, changes direction. SI unit: Meters per second squared (m/s^2)

A

Acceleration

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17
Q

When the acceleration of an object is ______, it travels at a constant speed along a straight line

A

Zero

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18
Q

Motion of an object with no acceleration, in one dimension:

v = ∆x/t

A

Uniform motion

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19
Q

motion of an object with constant, non-zero acceleration along a straight line

a = (Vf - Vi)/t
Vave = (Vf - Vi)/2 = ∆x/t
Vf = Vi +at
Vf^2 = Vi^2 + 2a∆x
∆x = ((Vf + Vi)/ 2) t
∆x = Vit+1/2at^2

PS. the appropriate equation is the one that has 3 of the given and the variable that is asked for

A

uniformly accelerated motion

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20
Q

if the _____ an object’s acceleration and that of its velocity are the same, then the speed of the object is increasing. If the _____ of an object’s acceleration and that of it’s velocity are opposite, then the speed of he object is decreasing

A

direction

21
Q

The instantaneous speed of an object at a ___________ is zero

A

turning point

22
Q

State of an object’s motion when the acceleration is the acceleration due to gravity only

examples:
coin dropped downwards
baseball that was batted and is flying in the air as a result

A

Free fall

23
Q

Acceleration that has a magnitude of g = 9.8 m/s^2 and is directed vertically downwards. all objects regardless of mass accelerate at this rate near the surface of the earth. The acceleration on the moon is 1.6 m/s^2

A

acceleration due to gravity

24
Q 
v = Vi -gt
v^2 = Vi^2 - 2g∆y
2∆y = (v + Vi)t
∆y = Vit - 1/2gt^2
A

Equations governing free fall

25
Q

motion of an object that is going around in a circle at a constant speed

A

Uniform circular motion

26
Q

acceleration of an object in uniform circular motion, always points towards the center of the circle

Ac = V^2 / r

V = (2 pi r)/T
T = time / # of revolutions
A

Centripetal acceleration in uniform circular motion

27
Q

the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion

A

inertia

28
Q

motion of an object that does not accelerate; an object is in a constant sate of motion is either a motion with constant speed along a straight line or at rest

A

constant state of motion

29
Q

the amount of matter in a given object (SI unit is kg)

A

mass

30
Q

a push and pull; a vector

A

force

31
Q

The SI unit for force; represented by the symbol N; 1 N= 1 kg m/s^2

A

Newton

32
Q

the force of gravity exerted by a planet (or other similar heavenly bodies) on an object; it varies with location in the universe

A

weight

33
Q

also called fundamental forces, only four are known to science:

gravitational force acts on masses, has infinite range, the strength is very weak, always attractive and universal

Electromagnetic force acts on charges , has infinite range, with strong strength, may be attractive or repulsive

Weak nuclear force, acts on ‘flavor’ charges, has very short range, weak strength, and is responsible fr some forms of radioactivity

Strong nuclear force, acts on ‘color’ charges, has short range, but a very strong strength, and is responsible for holding the nucleus together

A

Non-contact Forces

34
Q

forces which require contact between the interacting object, derived from fundamental forces

example:
normal force
tension
friction
air resistance
A

contact forces

35
Q

force exerted by a surface on objects it is in contact with; always perpendicular to the surface

A

normal force

36
Q

force exerted by a tout string or rope

A

tension

37
Q

force exerted by a rough surface on object rubbing against them

A

friction

38
Q

retarding force exerted by air on objects moving through it

A

air resistance

39
Q

States that an object in a constant state of motion will remain in this state unless it is acted upon by a net external force.

If an object is at rest, it will remain at rest unless a force acts on it. An object travelling at a constant velocity will not change this velocity unless a force acts on it

A

First law of motion / the law of inertia

40
Q

States that the net force acting on an object is equal to the object’s mass times its acceleration.

F = ma

f = 0 then a = 0 (this is just the first law)

A

Second law of motion or the law of acceleration

41
Q

states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Fab = - Fba

A

Third law of motion/ law of action and reaction

42
Q

The magnitude of the earth’s gravitational pull on an object

w = mg

A

weight

43
Q

the force that keeps an object in uniform circular motion, always points toward the center of the object’s orbit

Fc = m v^2/r

A

Centripetal force

44
Q

An object’s capacity to do work, scalar. SI unit: 1 joule = 1 J = 1 kg m^2/s^2

A

energy

45
Q

“the energy lost to a system is equal to the energy gained by its surrounding”

‘The energy of an isolated system remains constant in time’

A

The law of conservation of energy

46
Q

The energy due to the configuration and motion of an object’s molecules or atoms

forms:
thermal energy
chemical energy
nuclear energy

A

internal energy

47
Q

the energy due to the motion or vibration of an object’s molecules; the energy of an object stored in heat

A

thermal energy

48
Q

the energy of the chemical bonds making up matter

A

chemical energy

49
Q

the energy that bind an atom’s nucleus together

A

nuclear energy

50
Q

the energy of an object manifested in its state of motion

KE = 1/2mv^2

A

Kinetic energy

CET (3 decks)

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