Physics Flashcards
Four major quantities in radiation physics
Radioactivity, radiation exposure, radiation absorbed dose and radiation dose equivalent
What is the unit system utilized for a uniform worldwide standard?
SI System (International System of Units)
SI unit Length
Meters
SI unit Mass
Kilogram
SI Unit Time
Seconds
SI Unit Temperature
Kelvin
SI Unit Current
Ampere
Atom
Smallest unit of an element
Unit for Radioactivity
Curie
1 Ci =
3.7 x 10^10 Becquerel
Unit for Radiation Exposure
Roentgen
1 Roentgen =
2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg
Unit for Radiation Absorbed Dose
1 Rad
1 Rad=
.01 Gy
1 Gy = ___ Rad
100
Unit for Radiation Dose Equivalent
Rem
Rem=
QF x rad
Unit for denoting atomic particle mass
amu
Electrical charge
determine strength of their EM interaction
First model of the atom
Plum Pudding Model by JJ Thomson
What occurs when an electrons moves from a higher energy orbit to a lower energy orbit?
Radiation is emitted
What is Planck’s Constant?
h
What is the Lowest energy state
n=1
How many quantum numbers to distinguish each orbital from the other?
3; n,l,m
Principal quantum number (n)
determines the energy and size of the atomic orbital (n=1-7 OR K-Q)
Quantum number (l)
angular shape of the orbital and angular momentum of electron (l= n-1, SPDF)
Magnetic Quantum Number (m)
differentiate the orientation of the orbital in each sub shell, also describe the change of energy on the electron being affected by the external magnetic field
Ground state
electron wants to occupy an orbital that would lead to its lowest energy state
Pauli Exclusion Principle
no two electron in an atom have the same four quantum numbers
Maximum number of electrons allowed in the shell
2n^2
Electron Binding Energy
amount of energy required to remove the electron from the atom
Excitation
Electron is given some energy that elevates it to a higher energy empty state (excited state) and the atom becomes unstable
How is excitation resolved?
- Electron is able to return to ground state and gives the excess energy off as radiation 2. With enough energy, the electron overcomes the binding energy and its removed from the atom
Ionization
Sufficient energy is given to the electron, which enables it to overcome its binding energy and be removed from the atom
Characteristic X-rays
Occurs when core electrons are ionized and then higher energy state electrons fill the vacancy. The energy released to shift to a lower energy shell is released in the form of photons as characteristic x-rays.
Auger Electron
The excess energy from the ionization process can also be excessive enough to eject an outer electrons, known as Auger Electron
