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Introduction to Physics > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the definition of work

A

transfer of energy by the forces that are acting on it

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2
Q

what is the relationship between work, force and displacement?

A

work = force* displaement*cos(angle)

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3
Q

SI units for work and energy

A

J=1Nm=1kgm^2/s^2

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4
Q

how is work going to be effect by the displacement

A

the work is going to be zero if the displacement is going to be zero

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5
Q

work effected by angle

A

if the angle is going to be perpendicular then there is not going to be a force to act on

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6
Q

positive vs negative displacement

A

positive displacement going along with the angle s going to give you a positive displacement while going in the opposite directions are going to give you a negative displacement

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7
Q

work net

A

work done by all of the forces that are acting on an abject

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8
Q

how is work done

A

work is done when there is a transfer of energy

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9
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

KE=1/2(mv^2)

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10
Q

what happens when a object is lifted against gravity

A

it becomes the potential energy of the object-earth system

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11
Q

Potential energy

A

mg(acceleration due to gravity)h((increase in height)

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12
Q

what is the difference of gravitational potential energy

A

it has a physical significance

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13
Q

what is going to happen to an object without friction

A

if an object doesn’t have friction, the potential energy is going to be transferred to kinetic energy and the equation is going to KE=-PEg

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14
Q

conservative force

A

it is going to depend on the starting and ending points of motion and not just on the path taken
ex: work

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15
Q

potential energy of something that has a conservative force

A

it is going to be the same as the PEg.

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16
Q

Potential energy of a spring

A

PEs= 1/2kx^2
k is going to be the constant of the spring and x is going to be the displacement from its displacement from the unreformed position

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17
Q

mechanical energy

A

KE+PE

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18
Q

When is the mechanical energy going to be constant

A

it is going to be constant when the conservative force is going to act on or within the system
KEi+PEi=KEf+PEf
f is going to final values while i are going to be the initial values

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19
Q

non-conservational forces

A

work is going to depend on the path that the object has taken
ex: friction

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20
Q

Wnc

A

theta of the kinetic energy and the potential energy

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21
Q

Wnc

A

KEi+PEi+Wnc=KEf+PEf

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22
Q

what can you use rather than direct work and newton’s laws to calculate motion

A

you can use the energy conservation in order to calculate the motion in term of the known conservational forces and work done by the non-conservative forces

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23
Q

Conservation of energy

A

total amount of energy is going to be constant at any process. The energy can transfer for one energy to another but it is going to remain the same

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24
Q

Formula for the conservation of energy

A

KEi+PEi+Wnc+OEi=KEf+PEf+OEf

-OE is going to be the other forms of energy

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25
Q

All of energy can be converted to work

A

FALSE, it is not possible to convert all of the energy into work because some of it is going to be lost

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26
Q

power

A

the rate at which work is done

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27
Q

power equation

A

P=W/t

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28
Q

SI unit for power

A

1W= 1J/s

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29
Q

what is power expressed at many times

A

1hp and 1 hp =746 W

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30
Q

work -energy formula

A

Wnet =1/2mv^2 -1/2mv0^2

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31
Q

what are linear momentums

A

linear momentum is going to be defined as the mass multiplied by the velocity

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32
Q

momentum (p)

A

m(v), m is going to be the mass and v is going to be velocity (kg.m/s)

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33
Q

newton’s second law of motion

A

net external force is going to cause the change in the momentum of the system divided by the time

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34
Q

fnet

A

fnet is going to be cause by the change in momentum /time
-m(deta velocity/time)
fnet=m(a)

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35
Q

impulse

A

change in momentum, it is going to equal the net external *multiplied by the time
delta p =(fnet *deta t)

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36
Q

Are forces going to be going to be constant

A

no, forces are going to be constant over a period of time

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37
Q

conservation of moment

A

Ptot =p’tot

the Ptot is the intital total momentum and the p’tot is going to total momentum after some time

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38
Q

isolated system

A

net exteranal force is going to be zero

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39
Q

what is the momentum when the air resistance is negligible and it is going to happened in a projectile

A

momentum is going to be conserved in the horizontal direction
m1v1=m1v’1 cos 0 +m2v’2 cos0 and is going to be perpendicular to the initial direction of the y axis which is going to be 0=m1v’1+m2v’2

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40
Q

what is the internal kinetic energy before and after a collision of two objects that have equal masses

A

1/2mv1^2=1/2mv’1^2+1/2mv’2^2+mv’1v’2 cos(01-02)

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41
Q

point masses

A

structureless particles that cannot spin

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42
Q

newton’s third law of motion

A

every action means that there is an opposite and equal reaction

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43
Q

acceleration of a rocket

A

a=Ve/m *deltam/delta t -g
ve is the exhaust velocity, and m is the mass of the rocket, delta m is the mass of the ejected gas and delta m is the mass of the ejected gas the deta t is the time that the gas was ejected.

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44
Q

what are the factors that increase the acceleration of rockets

A

exhaust velocity of the gases, faster the burn of fuel, and the smaller the mass

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45
Q

elastic collision

A

conserves internal kinetic energy

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46
Q

internal kinetic energy

A

some of the kinetic energies of the objects in the system

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47
Q

two object electric collision

A

1/2m1v1^2 + 1/2mzv2^2 =1/2m1v’1^2 + 1/2m2v’2^2

v’2= m1/m2 (v1-v’1)

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48
Q

Inelastic collision

A

the internal kinetic energy changes and it is not conserved and a perfectly inelastic collision happens when the two objects stick to eachother

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49
Q

formula for the conservation of momentum

A

m1v1 +m2v2 + m1v’1 +m2v’2

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50
Q

kinetic energy of the puck after the Collison

A

KE’int-KEint

KEint =1/2 m1v1^2 +1/2m2v2^2

KE’int = 1/2m1v’1^2 +1/2 m2v’2^2

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51
Q

y-axis for the conservation of momentum

A

m1v1y+m2v2y =m1v’1y+ m2v’2y

0=m1v’1sin01+m2v’2sin02

52
Q

statics

A

study of forces in qualibrium

53
Q

equilibrium

A

motion without linear or rotational acceleration

54
Q

1st condition to have equilibrium

A

net forces of the system have to be zero

55
Q

2nd condition of equalibrium

A

the torques are going to be zero

56
Q

torque

A

twisting force that causes a rotation

57
Q

formula for a torque

A

t=rFsin0
t is the torque. r is the distance from the force to here the force is applied. F is the magnitude of the force
0 is the angle between the F and the vector directed from the point where the force acts on the pivot point

58
Q

perpendicular lever arm

A

r =rsin0 or t= r(perpendicular) *F
it is going to be the distance from the pivot point to the force. if the r is smaller then a smaller t is going to be produced

59
Q

counterclockwise wise torque

A

positive

60
Q

clockwise

A

negative

61
Q

stable equalibrium

A

when the net force or the torque acts in the opposite direction of the displacement

62
Q

unable equilibrium

A

when the net force or the torque acts in the same direction as the displacement from equilibrium

63
Q

neutral equilibrium

A

independent from its original position. it means that gravity is not going to return the object to its original position.

64
Q

simple machines

A

devices that are used to multiply the force that we apply. it is going to do that at the expense of the distance

65
Q

machinal advantage

A

ratio of output to input

66
Q

examples of simple machines

A

levers, nail pullers, wheel barrows, cranks ext.

67
Q

do statics play an important part in understanding everyday strains in our muscles and bones

A

TRUE

68
Q

why do many lever systems in our body have a mechanical advantage that is significantly less than one

A

the muscles are attaches close to the joints

69
Q

what does the net F is zero really mean?

A

It means that extenral force is any direction is going to be zero. this means that it is going to be zero in both the x direction as well as the y direction

70
Q

dynamic equalibrium

A

there is going to be constant velocity, there are going to be horizontal and vertical forces, but the external forces in any directio is going to be zero

71
Q

problem solving for static equalibrum

A

-is the system in static equilibrium ( there is no acceleration of the system nor is there any accelerated rotation)
-draw free diagram
-make sure the f =0 and the t=o
check to make sur that the magnitudes and the numers make sense

72
Q

upward force

A

fi =(F0)(lo/li)

73
Q

what are the mechanical advantage of muscles

A

less than 1

74
Q

uniform circular motion

A

motion with a constant angular velocity

w=delta 0/delta time

75
Q

non uniform circular motion

A

the velocity changes with time and the rate of change of angular velocity
a= delta w/delta time

76
Q

tangential acceleration

A

change in the magnitude of velocity. At = delta v/delta t

77
Q

circular motion

A

v=(r)(w)

78
Q

acceleration of circular motion

A

a=r(delta w/ deta t)

79
Q

relationship between the linear motion and angular motion

A

at =ra or a= at/r

80
Q

kinematics

A

discription of motion

81
Q

kinematics of rotational motion

A

describes the relationships among rotation angle, angular vlocity, angular acceleration, and time

82
Q

find the 0 with the angular velocity and time

A

0=w(t)

83
Q

distance with velocity and time

A

x= average velocity * time

84
Q

angular velocity given initial velocity with constant acceleration and time

A

w =wo+at

85
Q

velocity given initial velocity with constant acceleration and time

A

v=v0+at

86
Q

distance given the initial angular velocity and the acceleration and the time

A

0= Wo(t)+1/2 a(T^2)

87
Q

distance given the initial velocity and the acceleration and the time

A

X= Vo(t)+1/2 a(T^2)

88
Q

final angular velocity given the initial velocity, initial distance and the acceleration and distance

A

w^2=wo^2+2a0

89
Q

final velocity given the initial velocity, initial distance and the acceleration and distance

A

v^2=vo^2+2a0

90
Q

Farther the force applied from the piviot

A

greater the angular acceleration, and the lower the mass

91
Q

Acceleration in relation to force and mass

A

a= F/m or F=m*a

this occurs because the force of going to be perpendicular to r which would cause the acceleration principle

92
Q

force for rotational quantities

A

F=mra

93
Q

torque

A

t=rF

94
Q

the equation of torque with the involvement of R

A

rF=mr^2a

95
Q

momentum of inertia of an object

A

i= sum of mr^2

96
Q

moment of inertia and angular acceleration

A

T=Ia

97
Q

rotational kinetic Energy

A

KErot =1/2 Iw^2

98
Q

Are work and energy in rotataltional motion analogous to work and energy in transitional motion

A

YES

99
Q

work-energy therom

A

net W = 1/2Iw^2-1/2 Iwo^2

100
Q

angular momentum

A

L=Iw

101
Q

linear momentum

A

p=mv

102
Q

relationship between torque and angular momentum

A

t= delta l/delta t

103
Q

Conservation of Angular momentum

A

Angular momentum is going to be conserved just like linear momentum. it is conserved when the net external torque is going to be zero.

104
Q

angular acceleration in relation to linear acceleration

A

linear a = r( angular a)

or angular a = linear a/r

105
Q

problem solving strategy for rotational kinematics

A

determine the type of kinematics that are needed
what needs to be detemined
list of what is given or needed from the list
substitute the knows with their units
does the results make sense

106
Q

fluid

A

state of matter that yields to sideways or shear forces

107
Q

fluid statistics

A

physics of stationary fluids

108
Q

density

A

mass/velocity, the SI unit of density is kg/m^3

109
Q

pressure

A

per unit perpendicular area over the force applied

P=F/A

110
Q

SI unit of pressure

A

1Pa=1N/m^2

111
Q

pressure

A

weight of the fluid / area supporting it

P=mg/A

112
Q

pressure due to the weight of liquid

A

P=hpg

p is pressure, h is the height of the liquid and the g is the acceleration due to gravity

113
Q

what is going to happened if there is pressure added to the top of the tube

A

the pressure is going to be transmitted through all proportions of the fluid and the container

114
Q

what is used to exert forces

A

the hydraulic system is a enclosed fluid system

115
Q

gauge pressure

A

pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure

116
Q

absolute pressure

A

sum of the gauge pressure and the atmospheric pressure

117
Q

aneroid gauge pressure

A

measures pressure using a bellow-and-spring arrangement connected to the pointer of a calibrated scale

118
Q

open-tube manometer

A

have a u-shaped tube and is always open. it is used to measure pressure

119
Q

mercury barometer

A

device that measures atmospheric pressure

120
Q

buoyant force

A

net upward force on any object in any fluid

121
Q

buoyant force is greater than object’s weight

A

object is going to rise

122
Q

buoyant force is less than object’s weight

A

object is going to sink

123
Q

the two forces are equal

A

the object would remain suspended in that depth

124
Q

Archimedes principle

A

the buoyant force on the object is going to equal the weight of the fluid it displaces

125
Q

specific gravity

A

ratio of the density of an object to the fluid( usually water)

Introduction to Physics (2 decks)

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