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Introduction to Physics > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of work

A

transfer of energy by the forces that are acting on it

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2
Q

what is the relationship between work, force and displacement?

A

work = force* displaement*cos(angle)

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3
Q

SI units for work and energy

A

J=1Nm=1kgm^2/s^2

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4
Q

how is work going to be effect by the displacement

A

the work is going to be zero if the displacement is going to be zero

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5
Q

work effected by angle

A

if the angle is going to be perpendicular then there is not going to be a force to act on

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6
Q

positive vs negative displacement

A

positive displacement going along with the angle s going to give you a positive displacement while going in the opposite directions are going to give you a negative displacement

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7
Q

work net

A

work done by all of the forces that are acting on an abject

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8
Q

how is work done

A

work is done when there is a transfer of energy

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9
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

KE=1/2(mv^2)

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10
Q

what happens when a object is lifted against gravity

A

it becomes the potential energy of the object-earth system

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11
Q

Potential energy

A

mg(acceleration due to gravity)h((increase in height)

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12
Q

what is the difference of gravitational potential energy

A

it has a physical significance

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13
Q

what is going to happen to an object without friction

A

if an object doesn’t have friction, the potential energy is going to be transferred to kinetic energy and the equation is going to KE=-PEg

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14
Q

conservative force

A

it is going to depend on the starting and ending points of motion and not just on the path taken
ex: work

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15
Q

potential energy of something that has a conservative force

A

it is going to be the same as the PEg.

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16
Q

Potential energy of a spring

A

PEs= 1/2kx^2
k is going to be the constant of the spring and x is going to be the displacement from its displacement from the unreformed position

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17
Q

mechanical energy

A

KE+PE

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18
Q

When is the mechanical energy going to be constant

A

it is going to be constant when the conservative force is going to act on or within the system
KEi+PEi=KEf+PEf
f is going to final values while i are going to be the initial values

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19
Q

non-conservational forces

A

work is going to depend on the path that the object has taken
ex: friction

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20
Q

Wnc

A

theta of the kinetic energy and the potential energy

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21
Q

Wnc

A

KEi+PEi+Wnc=KEf+PEf

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22
Q

what can you use rather than direct work and newton’s laws to calculate motion

A

you can use the energy conservation in order to calculate the motion in term of the known conservational forces and work done by the non-conservative forces

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23
Q

Conservation of energy

A

total amount of energy is going to be constant at any process. The energy can transfer for one energy to another but it is going to remain the same

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24
Q

Formula for the conservation of energy

A

KEi+PEi+Wnc+OEi=KEf+PEf+OEf

-OE is going to be the other forms of energy

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25
All of energy can be converted to work
FALSE, it is not possible to convert all of the energy into work because some of it is going to be lost
26
power
the rate at which work is done
27
power equation
P=W/t
28
SI unit for power
1W= 1J/s
29
what is power expressed at many times
1hp and 1 hp =746 W
30
work -energy formula
Wnet =1/2mv^2 -1/2mv0^2
31
what are linear momentums
linear momentum is going to be defined as the mass multiplied by the velocity
32
momentum (p)
m(v), m is going to be the mass and v is going to be velocity (kg.m/s)
33
newton's second law of motion
net external force is going to cause the change in the momentum of the system divided by the time
34
fnet
fnet is going to be cause by the change in momentum /time -m(deta velocity/time) fnet=m(a)
35
impulse
change in momentum, it is going to equal the net external *multiplied by the time delta p =(fnet *deta t)
36
Are forces going to be going to be constant
no, forces are going to be constant over a period of time
37
conservation of moment
Ptot =p'tot | the Ptot is the intital total momentum and the p'tot is going to total momentum after some time
38
isolated system
net exteranal force is going to be zero
39
what is the momentum when the air resistance is negligible and it is going to happened in a projectile
momentum is going to be conserved in the horizontal direction m1v1=m1v'1 cos 0 +m2v'2 cos0 and is going to be perpendicular to the initial direction of the y axis which is going to be 0=m1v'1+m2v'2
40
what is the internal kinetic energy before and after a collision of two objects that have equal masses
1/2mv1^2=1/2mv'1^2+1/2mv'2^2+mv'1v'2 cos(01-02)
41
point masses
structureless particles that cannot spin
42
newton's third law of motion
every action means that there is an opposite and equal reaction
43
acceleration of a rocket
a=Ve/m *deltam/delta t -g ve is the exhaust velocity, and m is the mass of the rocket, delta m is the mass of the ejected gas and delta m is the mass of the ejected gas the deta t is the time that the gas was ejected.
44
what are the factors that increase the acceleration of rockets
exhaust velocity of the gases, faster the burn of fuel, and the smaller the mass
45
elastic collision
conserves internal kinetic energy
46
internal kinetic energy
some of the kinetic energies of the objects in the system
47
two object electric collision
1/2m1v1^2 + 1/2mzv2^2 =1/2m1v'1^2 + 1/2m2v'2^2 | v'2= m1/m2 (v1-v'1)
48
Inelastic collision
the internal kinetic energy changes and it is not conserved and a perfectly inelastic collision happens when the two objects stick to eachother
49
formula for the conservation of momentum
m1v1 +m2v2 + m1v'1 +m2v'2
50
kinetic energy of the puck after the Collison
KE'int-KEint KEint =1/2 m1v1^2 +1/2m2v2^2 KE'int = 1/2m1v'1^2 +1/2 m2v'2^2
51
y-axis for the conservation of momentum
m1v1y+m2v2y =m1v'1y+ m2v'2y 0=m1v'1sin01+m2v'2sin02
52
statics
study of forces in qualibrium
53
equilibrium
motion without linear or rotational acceleration
54
1st condition to have equilibrium
net forces of the system have to be zero
55
2nd condition of equalibrium
the torques are going to be zero
56
torque
twisting force that causes a rotation
57
formula for a torque
t=rFsin0 t is the torque. r is the distance from the force to here the force is applied. F is the magnitude of the force 0 is the angle between the F and the vector directed from the point where the force acts on the pivot point
58
perpendicular lever arm
r =rsin0 or t= r(perpendicular) *F it is going to be the distance from the pivot point to the force. if the r is smaller then a smaller t is going to be produced
59
counterclockwise wise torque
positive
60
clockwise
negative
61
stable equalibrium
when the net force or the torque acts in the opposite direction of the displacement
62
unable equilibrium
when the net force or the torque acts in the same direction as the displacement from equilibrium
63
neutral equilibrium
independent from its original position. it means that gravity is not going to return the object to its original position.
64
simple machines
devices that are used to multiply the force that we apply. it is going to do that at the expense of the distance
65
machinal advantage
ratio of output to input
66
examples of simple machines
levers, nail pullers, wheel barrows, cranks ext.
67
do statics play an important part in understanding everyday strains in our muscles and bones
TRUE
68
why do many lever systems in our body have a mechanical advantage that is significantly less than one
the muscles are attaches close to the joints
69
what does the net F is zero really mean?
It means that extenral force is any direction is going to be zero. this means that it is going to be zero in both the x direction as well as the y direction
70
dynamic equalibrium
there is going to be constant velocity, there are going to be horizontal and vertical forces, but the external forces in any directio is going to be zero
71
problem solving for static equalibrum
-is the system in static equilibrium ( there is no acceleration of the system nor is there any accelerated rotation) -draw free diagram -make sure the f =0 and the t=o check to make sur that the magnitudes and the numers make sense
72
upward force
fi =(F0)(lo/li)
73
what are the mechanical advantage of muscles
less than 1
74
uniform circular motion
motion with a constant angular velocity | w=delta 0/delta time
75
non uniform circular motion
the velocity changes with time and the rate of change of angular velocity a= delta w/delta time
76
tangential acceleration
change in the magnitude of velocity. At = delta v/delta t
77
circular motion
v=(r)(w)
78
acceleration of circular motion
a=r(delta w/ deta t)
79
relationship between the linear motion and angular motion
at =ra or a= at/r
80
kinematics
discription of motion
81
kinematics of rotational motion
describes the relationships among rotation angle, angular vlocity, angular acceleration, and time
82
find the 0 with the angular velocity and time
0=w(t)
83
distance with velocity and time
x= average velocity * time
84
angular velocity given initial velocity with constant acceleration and time
w =wo+at
85
velocity given initial velocity with constant acceleration and time
v=v0+at
86
distance given the initial angular velocity and the acceleration and the time
0= Wo(t)+1/2 a(T^2)
87
distance given the initial velocity and the acceleration and the time
X= Vo(t)+1/2 a(T^2)
88
final angular velocity given the initial velocity, initial distance and the acceleration and distance
w^2=wo^2+2a0
89
final velocity given the initial velocity, initial distance and the acceleration and distance
v^2=vo^2+2a0
90
Farther the force applied from the piviot
greater the angular acceleration, and the lower the mass
91
Acceleration in relation to force and mass
a= F/m or F=m*a | this occurs because the force of going to be perpendicular to r which would cause the acceleration principle
92
force for rotational quantities
F=mra
93
torque
t=rF
94
the equation of torque with the involvement of R
rF=mr^2a
95
momentum of inertia of an object
i= sum of mr^2
96
moment of inertia and angular acceleration
T=Ia
97
rotational kinetic Energy
KErot =1/2 Iw^2
98
Are work and energy in rotataltional motion analogous to work and energy in transitional motion
YES
99
work-energy therom
net W = 1/2Iw^2-1/2 Iwo^2
100
angular momentum
L=Iw
101
linear momentum
p=mv
102
relationship between torque and angular momentum
t= delta l/delta t
103
Conservation of Angular momentum
Angular momentum is going to be conserved just like linear momentum. it is conserved when the net external torque is going to be zero.
104
angular acceleration in relation to linear acceleration
linear a = r( angular a) | or angular a = linear a/r
105
problem solving strategy for rotational kinematics
determine the type of kinematics that are needed what needs to be detemined list of what is given or needed from the list substitute the knows with their units does the results make sense
106
fluid
state of matter that yields to sideways or shear forces
107
fluid statistics
physics of stationary fluids
108
density
mass/velocity, the SI unit of density is kg/m^3
109
pressure
per unit perpendicular area over the force applied | P=F/A
110
SI unit of pressure
1Pa=1N/m^2
111
pressure
weight of the fluid / area supporting it | P=mg/A
112
pressure due to the weight of liquid
P=hpg | p is pressure, h is the height of the liquid and the g is the acceleration due to gravity
113
what is going to happened if there is pressure added to the top of the tube
the pressure is going to be transmitted through all proportions of the fluid and the container
114
what is used to exert forces
the hydraulic system is a enclosed fluid system
115
gauge pressure
pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure
116
absolute pressure
sum of the gauge pressure and the atmospheric pressure
117
aneroid gauge pressure
measures pressure using a bellow-and-spring arrangement connected to the pointer of a calibrated scale
118
open-tube manometer
have a u-shaped tube and is always open. it is used to measure pressure
119
mercury barometer
device that measures atmospheric pressure
120
buoyant force
net upward force on any object in any fluid
121
buoyant force is greater than object's weight
object is going to rise
122
buoyant force is less than object's weight
object is going to sink
123
the two forces are equal
the object would remain suspended in that depth
124
Archimedes principle
the buoyant force on the object is going to equal the weight of the fluid it displaces
125
specific gravity
ratio of the density of an object to the fluid( usually water)

Introduction to Physics (2 decks)

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