Physics 10 Unit Review

Question 1

What is Motion?

Answer 1

Occurs when an object changes its distance, or direction, or both

Question 2

Scaler vs Vector

Answer 2

Scalar is a number value (10km/h)
Vector is the direction of magnitude (South, East)

Question 3

What is the Definition of Newtons Laws?

Answer 3

Newtons Laws of Motion describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it

Question 4

What are the 3 laws?

Answer 4

1. Inertia - An object will not move unless a force acts upon it
2. Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)
3. For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction

Question 5

Distance vs Displacement

Answer 5

Distance - Scalar values. The distance traveled by an object
Displacement- Vector values. Change in direction from the starting point.

Question 6

Formula for Speed

Answer 6

V = d/t
V = Average speed
d = distance traveled
t = total time

Question 7

Velocity

Answer 7

Describes both the rate of motion and the direction of an object. Vector values

Question 8

What are the key elements in a graph?

Answer 8

Graph should have clear title
Label the axis and units
Scale and spacing
Plot your points

Question 9

What is another term for constant speed?

Answer 9

Uniform motion

Question 10

Acceleration

Answer 10

A change in velocity over time. Most common type of motion.

Acceleration = Vf - Vi
———-
t
Acceleration = m/s2
Vf = final velocity
Vi = initial velocity
t = total time

Question 11

What is force?

Answer 11

A push/pull on an object

Question 12

What is work?

Answer 12

Work is done whenever a force moves on an object through a distance that is in the direction of the force

Work = force x distance object travelled
W = f x d
joule (J) = kgm2/s2

Question 13

What are the conditions for work?

Answer 13

• There must be a force
• Must have movement caused by the force
• force and distance travelled must be in the same direction

Question 14

Energy

Answer 14

• Energy is required to do work
• Energy and work are interrelated
• Units for energy are joules (J)
• Scalar value
  W = E

Question 15

what are the two types of energy?

Answer 15

kinetic energy (movement) and potential energy (stored)

Question 16

Chemical Energy

Answer 16

Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of compounds (Ex: eating food, burning coal)
Can be converted into heat

Question 17

Electrical energy

Answer 17

work done by moving charged particles through wires
Can be converted into heat (Ex: oven)

Question 18

nuclear energy

Answer 18

Potential energy stored in the nucleus of atoms

Question 19

Solar energy

Answer 19

Produced by the sun or a star
can be converted to heat and other forms of energy

Question 20

kinetic energy (Ek)

Answer 20

Object in motion that can do work (Ex: something moving)

Question 21

gravitational potential energy (Ep)

Answer 21

Object raised above earth surface
If object has a height, it will have potential energy

Question 22

mechanical energy

Answer 22

Sum of kinetic and potential energy
when object is moving and has height
(Ek + Ep)

Question 23

thermodynamics

Answer 23

Science dealing with the study of heat energy (Ex: spoon be placed in a bowl of hot water)
Transfer of thermal energy

Question 24

what are the types of potential energy?

Answer 24

Gravitational
Elastic
Chemical
nuclear

Question 25

Formula for gravitational potential energy

Answer 25

Ep = m x g x h
joules (J) = mass (kg) x gravity (9.81 m/s2) x height (m)

Question 26

Types of kinetic energy

Answer 26

sound
Electrical
Thermal
Radiation
Mechanical

Question 27

Elastic potential energy

Answer 27

if a force is used to stretch, force acts against the elastic material
Results in the change in the shape of the elastic energy being stored
Involves resistance
Ep(elas) = average force x distance

Question 28

kinetic energy formula

Answer 28

Ek = mv2
——
2
Ek = joules (J)
m = mass (kg)
v2 = speed (m/s)

Question 29

What is the 1st law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 29

You cannot create or destroy energy. You can only transfer it to different types of energy.

Question 30

What is the 2nd law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 30

Heat always flows from a hot to cold object - never cold to hot

Question 31

Formula for Efficiency

Answer 31

% efficiency = useful output energy
——————————-x 100
total input energy