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Kaplan Physics > Physics 1: Kinematics, Energy, Momentum, Work > Flashcards

Physics 1: Kinematics, Energy, Momentum, Work Flashcards

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1
Q

Forces are vectors required to change _____ and can be caused by any push or pull.

A

velocity

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2
Q

Examples of push/pull forces used to change velocity

A

Gravity
Friction
Rotation

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3
Q

_____, like Forces, are vectors that can cause a change in velocity. Net ____ must be equal to 0 to maintain equilibrium.

A

Torques

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4
Q

Forces that act over a distance

Represents a change in energy

A

work

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5
Q

May be converted from kinetic to potential and back but total value must always be conserved

A

energy

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6
Q

even if some energy is lost to the environment, _____ is always conserved in collisions

A

momentum

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7
Q

VAT Kinematic Equation

A

Vf = Vo + a*t

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8
Q

VAX Kinematic Equation

A

Vf^2 = Vo^2 + 2ax

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9
Q

VTAX Kinematic Equation

A

x = Vo * t + 1/2 * a * t^2

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10
Q

Uniform Acceleration Equation

A

x = 1/2 (Vo + Vf) * t

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11
Q

Equation: When PE completely converted to KE

A

V^2 = 2gh

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12
Q

Definition: Newton’s First Law

A

Inertia

an object in motion (or at rest) will stay in motion (or at rest) unless acted on by a net outside force

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13
Q

Definition: Newton’s Second Law

A

To change velocity, you need a Force, which produced acceleration

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14
Q

When does acceleration = 0?

A

when an object is not moving

when velocity is constant

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15
Q

SI Unit: Force

A

Newtons = kg*m/sec^2

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16
Q

A falling object accelerating due to gravity will encounter air resistance _________ to its increasing velocity

A

proportional

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17
Q

At terminal velocity, the air resistance equals _______, resulting in no Fnet and no acceleration

A

force of gravity

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18
Q

Definition: Newton’s Third Law

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Force pairs must be the same TYPE of force (i.e. Gravity, Normal Force)

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19
Q

Newton’s Third Law only applies to gravity when?

A

If you enlarge the system to include to include the source of gravity, i.e. the Earth itself

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20
Q

The force exerted by a surface that opposes

acts perpendicular to the surface

A

Normal Force

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21
Q

If F(net) = 0, and the only other force acting on the object is gravity, then the magnitude of the normal force (Fn) = ?

A

F(g) = m*g

*Note: g = accel due to gravity= ~10 m/s^2

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22
Q

If an elevator is accelerating upward, F(n) also includes opposition to the force of upward acceleration (m*a), so F(n) = ?

A

F(n) = ma + mg

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23
Q

If an elevator is accelerating downward, F(n) = ?

A

F(n) = ma - mg

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24
Q

A weight scale measures ______

A

the normal force

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25
Q

tendency of objects to stick together, opposing new forces

opposes movement

A

Friction

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26
Q

type of friction between two objects that are sitting still
varies w/ the force applied
has an absolute maximum, after which motion occurs and this value drops to zero

A

static friction

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27
Q

type of friction between moving objects

proportional ONLY to the Normal force, not the force applied

A

kinetic friction

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28
Q

tendency of masses to attract other masses

force is always attractive

A

gravity

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29
Q

Equation: Force due to gravity

A

F(g) = G m1 * M2 / r^2 = mg
Note: G-gravitational constant; g = accel due to g; M-mass of earth; m-mass of object; r-radius of Earth from center to surface

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30
Q

sin(0)

A

= 0 (square root 0/2)

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31
Q

sin(30)

A

= 1/2 (square root of 1/2)

32
Q

sin(45)

A

= square root of 2/2

33
Q

sin(60)

A

= square root of 3/2

34
Q

sin(90)

A

= 1 (square root of 4/2)

35
Q

sin(180)

A

= 0

36
Q

sin(270)

A

= -1

37
Q

cos(0)

A

= 1 (square root of 4/2)

38
Q

cos(30)

A

= square root of 3/2

39
Q

cos(45)

A

= square root of 2/2

40
Q

cos(60)

A

= 1/2 (square root of 1/2)

41
Q

cos(90)

A

= 0 (square root of 0/2)

42
Q

cos(180)

A

= -1

43
Q

cos(270)

A

= 0

44
Q

Equation: Force of gravity in x-direction on inclined plane

A

F(g)x = mgsin(theta)

45
Q

Equation: Force of gravity in the y-direction on inclined plane

A

F(g)y = mgcos(theta)

46
Q

What opposes the force of gravity in the x-direction on an inclined plane?

A

Tension

Friction

47
Q

What opposes the force of gravity in the y-direction on an inclined plane?

A

Normal force

48
Q

Equation: Centripetal Force

A

F(c) = (m * v^2) / r

49
Q

Equation: Centripetal Acceleration

A

a(c) = v^2 / r

Note: Centripetal Force on a satellite is caused by gravity. Since F = m*a, a=v^2/r (from Centripetal force equation)

50
Q

Equation: Torque at equilibrium

A

d1 * m1 * g * sin(theta1) = d2 * m2 * g * sin(theta2)

51
Q

transfer of energy by a force acting over a distance
change in energy
SI Unit: Joule = Nm = (kgm^2)/sec^2

A

work

52
Q

If the force applied to a system is ________ to its motion, no work is done.

A

perpendicular

53
Q

Why is no work done when a force acts perpendicularly to an object’s motion?

A

cos(90) = 0

54
Q

LOSS of E to the surroundings is ______ work being done BY the system and ______ work being done ON the system

A

positive work done by the system

negative work done on the system

55
Q

GAIN of E from the surroundings is _______ work being done BY the system and ________ work being done ON the system

A

negative work done BY the system

positive work done ON the system

56
Q

ability to do work
scalar
measured in Joules

A

Energy

57
Q

Equation: Kinetic Energy

A

K.E. = 1/2mv^2

58
Q

Equation: Gravitational Potential Energy

A

U = mgh

59
Q

Equation: Work-Energy Theorum

A

Work(net) = change in Kinetic Energy
F*d = 1/2 mv^2
Note: d = DISPLACEMENT

60
Q

2 instances where the net work = 0

A
  1. force applied is perpendicular to velocity: cos(90) = 0

2. no change in position (displacement = 0)

61
Q

3 examples of conservative forces

A

electrostatic
gravity
spring

62
Q

forces that are path independent

state functions that only depend on initial state and final state

A

conservative forces

63
Q

forces that are path dependent

vary depending on what happens between states

A

nonconservative forces

64
Q

4 examples of nonconservative forces

A

air resistance
turbulence
friction
viscosity

65
Q

measures energy expenditure over time
increases when max value occurs over shortest amount of time
SI unit = Watt = Joule / sec

A

power

66
Q

an objects tendency to keep moving
vector quantity w/ magnitude and direction
SI unit = kg*m/sec

A

momentum

67
Q

Equation: momentum

A

momentum = m*v

68
Q

For all types of collisions, ________ is ALWAYS conserved

A

momentum

69
Q

Equation: Conservation of momentum

A

m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

70
Q

During an __________, energy is lost due to friction, sound, light, configuration changes, etc.

A

inelastic collision

71
Q

In an ______, energy is lost and objects stick together.

A

totally inelastic collision

72
Q

Equation: Conservation of momentum in totally inelastic collision

A

m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1+m2) * vf

73
Q

Elastic collisions lead to final velocities of hte _____ magnitude and ______ direction

A

same magnitude

final direction

74
Q

Equation: conservation of momentum due to inelastic collision

A

1/2 * m1v1i^2 + 1/2 * m2v2i^2 > 1/2 *m1 * v1f^2 + 1/2 * m2v2f^2

75
Q

how fast momentum of an object changes

increasing time decreases Force

A

Impulse

Kaplan Physics (1 decks)

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