Physician Assisting Flashcards

1
Q

Main place that drains the pleural fluid

A

stomata-connects the lymphatic system to the plueral space

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2
Q

Lab values associated with transudative effusion

A

Protein <50%, and LDH <60%

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of transudative effusion

A

CHF

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4
Q

Most common cause of exudative effusion caused by a tumor

A

Tumors
More common in women with breast cancer

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5
Q

When you see Paraneumonic effusion what do you think as far as the cause?

A

Bacterial pnuemonia

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6
Q

The main cause of transudative is pressure changes, the main cause of exudative is what?

A

They are due to inflammation

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7
Q

Bacterial pnuemonia will eventually lead to what

A

an Empyema

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8
Q

What are the main causes of exudative effusions

A

TB or Viral, also post op fluid

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9
Q

Plueral friction rub will be heard with what?

A

exudative

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10
Q

Chylothorax is caused from what?

A

Chyle, which is a milky substance found in the small intestine. This backs up through the lymphatic system into the pleural space

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11
Q

Chyle in the plueral space is usually caused by what?

A

trauma to the neck, surgery, and most commonly, cancerr

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12
Q

what sign on the x ray will be associated with effusion?

A

meniscus sign and blunted angles

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13
Q

indication for thoracentesis

A

pleural fluid is causing respiratory compromise secondary to a large effusion

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14
Q

What are the contraindication for thoracentesis?

A

platelet count <50,000, uncontrollable coagulopathy, or uncooperative patient

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15
Q

chest tube sizes

A

adult 24-28 FR children 10-12 Fr

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16
Q

Term for fusing together the pleural space

A

pleurodesis

17
Q

during thoracentesis, where is the puncture made?

A

ABOVE the rib to avoid artery laceration

18
Q

what does the RT monitor during the procedure?

A

pulse, saturations, and color

19
Q

positioning during and after the procedure?

A

During they will be sitting up and leaning forward, then they will lay on the uneffected side for one hour

20
Q

What are the three major risks of thoracentesis

A

intercostal artery laceration
infection
pnuemo

21
Q

halo sign

A

Means tension pnuemo in neonate

22
Q

Three types of pneumos

A

open, closed, tension