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Sound Design > Physical Sound - Elementary Physics > Flashcards

Physical Sound - Elementary Physics Flashcards

Identify elementary physics terms and formulas related to sound as a physical phenomenon.

1
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In the subject of mechanics, what is the symbol given to energy?

A

E

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2
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In the subject of mechanics, what is the unit of measure for energy? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

The joule (J)

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3
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

A moving object possesses what type of energy?

A

Kinetic

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4
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

A hot body possesses what type of energy?

A

Thermal

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5
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Batteries, fuel, or food all possess what type of energy?

A

Chemical potential

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6
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

A compressed spring possesses what type of energy?

A

Potential

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7
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Can the measurement of energy be determined directly?

A

No, the measurement of energy can only be determined by observing changes in energy.

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8
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In the subject of mechanics, what is the symbol given to force?

A

F

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9
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In the subject of mechanics, what is the unit of measure for force? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

Force is measured in Newtons, written N.

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10
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What does Newton’s third law of motion say about force?

A

Whenever an object A exerts a force on another object B, then B will exert an equal force in the opposite direction on A.

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11
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the condition when two forces are balanced?

A

Equilibrium

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12
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

When a force acts on a surface, the surface experiences what?

A

Pressure

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13
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is a symbol for pressure?

A

p

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14
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the unit of measure for pressure? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

The Pascal (Pa)

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15
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is a formulaic expression of pressure?

A

One Pa = 1N/m2

or pressure equals force divided by area:

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16
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

When energy moves, it can be harnessed or channeled to do what?

A

Work

17
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In the subject of mechanics, what is the unit of measure for work? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

Joules (J)

18
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Work is a change of what?

A

Energy

19
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the formulaic expression for work as a change of energy?

A

W = ΔΕ

20
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Our ears or a microphone observe sound as what?

A

Changing energy patterns

21
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In the subject of mechanics, what is the unit of measure for power? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

watts (W)

22
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Power is the rate of what?

A

The rate at which work is done

23
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the relationship between a watt and a joule?

A

One watt is the same as one Joule per second (1J/s) or how much energy changes state each second.

24
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In an electronic amplifier with loudspeakers, sound is produced from electrical energy. What is the output, in Joules, of a perfect 10W amplifier and loudspeaker?

A

10 Joules of electrical energy are converted to sound every second.

25
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What does the second law of thermodynamics have to do with sound?

A

Every sound we hear is caused by energy doing work and a part of all energy moving from a higher state to a lower state.

26
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Why are Newton’s laws of motion important to understanding physical sound?

A

They ultimately explain how air moves to make sound.

27
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the formulaic expression for work done when a mechanical force produces movement for a distance?

A

W = F x d

28
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the symbol for velocity?

A

The symbol v

29
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the unit of measure for velocity? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

Velocity is measured in meters per second, written m/s.

30
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the symbol for acceleration?

A

The symbol a

31
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is the unit of measure for acceleration? What is the symbol for this unit of measure?

A

Acceleration is measured in meters per second per second, written ms-2.

32
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What does Newton’s second law of motion state? State the formulaic equation.

A

Force equals mass times acceleration.

F = ma

33
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

In addition to mechanical force, what forces in the everyday phenomena of human experience (non-nuclear), can accelerate objects or cause them to move?

A

Gravity and electromagnetism (magnetism and electricity).

34
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

Tiny disturbances in the position of molecules are responsible for sound. How are displacement, movement, and freedom related?

A
  • Displacement is the distance and direction (vector) from the rest point or equalibrium position of an object.
  • Movement is translational (changing position up, down, left, right, forward, or backward) or rotational (changing attitude of pitch, roll, or yaw).
  • The degree of freedom is determined by the number of directions something can move.
35
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is an excitation point?

A

The place where power is transmitted to an object.

36
Q

Designing Sound by Andy Farnell

What is an example of an excitation point?

A
  • The scraping of a bow on a violin string
  • Plucking a guitar string
  • Hitting a drum with a stick
  • Blowing through a brass instrument
  • A bat hitting a baseball
  • A metal wand placed in the magnetic field of a Theramin

Sound Design (4 decks)

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