Physical Security Flashcards
Physical Security Threats (3)
Natural Disaster, Emergency Situations and Man-made Threats
Fire Triangle
Heat, Fuel & Oxygen
Fire - Class A
Wood, paper, clothing, etc. Extinguish with: water or soda acid
Fire - Class B
Gas or oil (fuel). Extinguish with: CO2, soda acid or Halon
Fire - Class C
Electrical Fires. Extinguish with: CO2 or Halon
Fire Class D
Chemical or Grease fires. Requires special techniques
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge - static electricity. Low humidity.
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference - Caused by different charges between the three electrical wires (hot, neutral and ground). Common-mode noise: hot and ground wires. Traverse-mode noise:hot and neutral wires.
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference. Caused by electrical components such as fluorescent lights and electrical cables.
Electrical Events - Blackout
Total loss of power
Electrical Events - Fault
Momentary loss of power
Electrical Events - Brownout
Prolonged drop in voltage
Electrical Events - Sag
Short drop in voltage
Electrical Events - Inrush
Initial power rush
Electrical Events - Spike
Momentary rush in power
Electrical Events - Surge
Prolonged rush in power
Bob Frequently Buys Shoes in Shoe Stores
Blackout Fault, Brownout, Sag, Inrush, Spike, Surge
CPTED
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Natural Access Control
Security Zones/Defensible Space (CPTED)
Natural Surveillance
Maximizing visibility and activity in strategic areas.
Mantrap
Access Control technique
Security Guards
Advantages: use human judgement, deter through visibility and can perform multiple functions. Disadvantages: unpredictability, imperfections and cost.
Dumb Card
Security badge/photo ID
Smart Card
Digitally encoded cards with IC or mag strip.
Smart Card Types (4)
Magnetic stripe, Optical-coded, IC and Proximity Card
Proximity Card Types
Passive - no power, use EM field; Field-Powered - contain RF xmtr & power supply on card; Transponders - both card and reader contain a transceiver, control logic and battery.
Biometric Access Controls
Types: Fingerprint, Hand Geometry, Retina Pattern, Iris Pattern, Voice & Signature Dynamics
Biometric Error Types (3)
FRR (Type I), FAR (Type II) & Crossover Error Rate (CER)
Physical Intrusion Detection Controls
Photoelectric sensors (light grid), dry contact and metallic tape (perimeter), Motion Detectors (Wave pattern, capacitance & audio)
ESD Protective Measures (3)
Maintain humidity levels at 40 - 60%; Ensure proper grounding; Use anti-static flooring
EM Protective Measures (3)
Install line conditioners; ensure proper grounding; use shielded cabling
HVAC Safe Temperature Range
50 - 80 Fahrenheit. Magnetic media can be damaged at temps as low as 100F
Types of Fire Detection Systems (3)
heat-sensing, flame sensing & smoke sensing
Fire Suppression System Types (2)
Water sprinkler & Gas Discharge
Water (Sprinkler) Suppression System Types (4)
Class A: Wet-pipe, Dry-pipe, Delunge & Preaction
Preaction Fire Suppression
Sprinkler system that combines wet and dry pipe systems. Initially dry, pipes are charged when heat sensor is triggered.
Gas Discharge Systems (3)
Carbon Dioxide, Soda Acid & Gas Discharge (Halon, Argon, Argonite, Inergen, etc.
Halon Gas
Due to ozone depleting characteristics, discontinued and replace by: FM-200, CEA-410, NAF-S-III, FE-13, Argon, Argonite or Inergen.
Administrative Controls
Policies and procedures: Restricted areas, visitor policies, personnel privacy, safety, audit trails and access logs, asset classification and control, emergency procedures, general housekeeping and employment screenings.
Bollard
A post designed to stop a car or vehicle
Tailgating
Following an authorized person into a building without providing credentials
Fences - Heights
Deterrent: 3 ft, Preventative: 8 ft w/barbed wire
Gate Types (4)
Class I: Residential, Class II: Commercial/general access (parking lot), Class III: Industrial/limited access; Class IV: Restricted Access (airport or prison)
Lighting - Types of Control (2)
Detective AND Deterrent
Soda Acid
Used for class ‘A’ and ‘B’ fires (sodium bicarbonate)
Dry Powder (fire suppressant)
Used for flammable metals including sodium and magnesium. Smothers fir. e.g. sodium chloride.
Wet Chemical (fire suppressant)
Used for household fires (classes A or K). Usually potassium acetate and water.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Smothers fire. Dangerous chemical, used in unattended areas.
Halon and Halon Substitutes
Uses chemical reaction to suppress fire.
Halon replacements
Argon, FE-13, FM-200, Inergen.
Which Halon replacement is considered the safest, breathable in concentrations up to 30%
FE-13 (Inergen, FM-200 and Argon are breathable in concentrations up to 15%)
