Physical Sciences Flashcards
binary ionic compounds are made of a ________ and a _____ elements
metal and nonmetal
the compound with the greatest difference in __________ between the metal and the nonmetal has the most ionic character
electronegativities
Aqueous solutions of a ________ compound conducts electricity.
ionic
why do bones (but not much else) show up on an X-ray?
bc Calcium is one of the only elements found in the body that has significant enough atomic mass to attenuate X-rays
Protons and neutrons have spin just as electrons do.To guarantee a nonzero not spin, an uneven number of _____ is needed in an atom
neucleons
The results of an experiment would not be affected by adding excess ________ as it would if you added excess products or reactants.
Indicator (i.e. Starch for I2 test)
The higher the temperature, the greater the __________ of the components in the reaction.
average kinetic energies
Because the acceleration due to gravity is vertical, the greatest acceleration of an object on an incline plane is when the plane is _______.
vertical
Ignoring air resistance, rotation, and friction, the final velocity of an object that is dropped is ________ as the final velocity of an object that rolls down an inclined plane.
the same as
Equation: mass from density
mass = density * volume
In order to determine the time it takes for an object to fall to Earth, you must first determine the object’s ________.
Weight
Formula: Weight
weight = mass * gravity = density velocityg
Note: g = 10 m/s^2
If a sparingly soluble metal hydroxide M(OH)2 has a molar solubility of S mol/L at 25ºC, what is its Ksp value?
Ksp = [M] * [OH-]^2
Solubility of [M] = S mol/L
Solubility of [OH-]^2 = 2S mol/L
Solubility = (S) * (2S)^2 = S(4S)^2 = 4S^3
Equation: Ksp for A^a * B^b
Ksp = [A]^a * [B]^b
If the quantity of gas remains unchanged while the Temp increases, what will happen to the volume of the gas?
It will increase as long as pressure remains the same
Equation: Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
In a gas, volume and temperature are _________ proportional
directly
In a gas, pressure and volume are _______ proportional
inversely
If an ice cube floats in liquid w/ 9/10 of its volume submerged were placed on the Moon, which has 1/6 the gravitational force of Earth, the ice cube would float with ________ of its volume submerged.
9/10 of its volume (no change on the Moon from the earth)
Equation: Weight due to gravity
W = mg = density(fluid) * volume submerged * gravity
Both ______ and the _____ force are proportional to g
weight and buoyant force
the numerical value of g is irrelevant to the _______ of the object submerged
volume of the object that is submerged
i.e. the volume of an object submerged in fluid on Earth would be the same as the volume of an object submerged in fluid on the moon w/ 1/6 the gravitational force
What optical property of glass allows it to carry a light digital signal for long distances with only minimal loss of amplitude?
Reflection
Light is carried for long distances w/in a transparent material due to ______
total internal reflection
Equation: Buoyant Force
F(b) = density(fluid) * volume(object) * g
The temperature of the air and depth of a balloon filled w/ air in a tank of water are not affected by what property of the water in which it is submerged?
mass of the water
Work done by a gas in expending ________ its internal energy
decreases
The temperature and pressure of air inside a balloon submerged in water will _______ as the balloon rises to the surface (depth decreases)
decrease
What vertical forces act on an air-filled balloon as it rises to the surface of a tank filled w/ water?
buoyant force and weight
What acts perpendicularly to all surfaces of an object submerged in water?
water pressure
Where is the speed of water the greatest through a valve?
through the pipe with the smallest area (i.e. where the pipe is most narrow)
the speed of fluid flow is __________ proportional to the cross-sectional area of the pipe
inversely
All other variables held constant, what will happen to the pressure of the air inside of a balloon when the volume is doubled?
it is reduced to 1/2 the original pressure
(Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional
Equation: Pressure and Volume of a gas/fluid
P1V1 = P2V2
top, left portion of a phase diagram
solid
top, right portion of a phase diagram
liquid
bottom portion of a phase diagram (increasing area under curve to the R)
vapor
Equation: Resistivity (constant Temp)
Resistance = Resistivity * (Length / Area)
how many sodium ions are in the 50 mL sample of Na2CO3?
Have 7.15 g Na2CO3) (MM = 286
3 * 10^22.
Equation: 7.15 g / 286 g/mol = 0.025 mol Na2CO3
Have 2 moles of Na+ ions in 1 mol of Na2CO3, so 2(0.025) = 0.050 mol Na+ ions.
Multiple number of moles of the ion * Avogadro’s #: (0.05)(6.022*10^23) = 3.01 * 10^22 ions Na+
Carbonate reacts w/ water to form ______
OH- ions
forms basic solution
HCl reacts w/ carbonate to form ______
CO2 gas
Nickel (II) can be responsible for the color change in a solution because it has ________. Electrons can absorb visible light to move to this higher energy level and produce a color change.
unfilled d orbitals
When aqueous solutions of various anions and cations are mixed, a precipitate forms because ______
the solubility product of a compound was exceeded
value that defines the amount of a substance that will be dissolved in water
constant value for a particular solute
if the amount of a compound present exceeds this value, a precipitate will form to maintain this value
Ksp (solubility constant)
Ksp for Aa * Bb = [A]^a * [B]^b
AB + CD —–> AD + CB (where one product is a precipitate)
reaction that occurs in mix of aqueous solutions of cations and anions
ionic compounds switch the ions w/ which they were paired
metathesis reaction
The lower the value of Ksp, the lower the _____________ in the aqueous solution and the lower the solubility of the compound in water.
concentrations of cations and anions
voltage provided to external components of a circuit
reduced by the voltage required to overcome internal resistance
terminal voltage
Equation: Terminal Voltage
V = Electromotive force (Emf) - I * R
If the angle of refraction from medium 2 is greater than the angle of refraction from angle 1, then light will bend ______ normal
away from
If the angle of refraction from medium 2 is less than the angle of refraction from angle 1, then light will bend ______ normal
toward
What property of sound remains the same before and after reflection?
Speed
The ______ of a sound in air remains constant in air.
speed
what is not required in order to determine the relative speed of approach of a sound source by Doppler measurements?
Distance between source and observer
Equation: Doppler Effect
∆f / f = -v / c
*Describes relative velocity between source and detector
a change in momentum (∆p) by a force over a time interval
Impulse (I)
Equation: Impulse
I = F / ∆t = ∆p
