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MCAT Practice Test 8 Corrections > Physical Sciences > Flashcards

Physical Sciences Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

binary ionic compounds are made of a ________ and a _____ elements

A

metal and nonmetal

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2
Q

the compound with the greatest difference in __________ between the metal and the nonmetal has the most ionic character

A

electronegativities

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3
Q

Aqueous solutions of a ________ compound conducts electricity.

A

ionic

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4
Q

why do bones (but not much else) show up on an X-ray?

A

bc Calcium is one of the only elements found in the body that has significant enough atomic mass to attenuate X-rays

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5
Q

Protons and neutrons have spin just as electrons do.To guarantee a nonzero not spin, an uneven number of _____ is needed in an atom

A

neucleons

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6
Q

The results of an experiment would not be affected by adding excess ________ as it would if you added excess products or reactants.

A

Indicator (i.e. Starch for I2 test)

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7
Q

The higher the temperature, the greater the __________ of the components in the reaction.

A

average kinetic energies

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8
Q

Because the acceleration due to gravity is vertical, the greatest acceleration of an object on an incline plane is when the plane is _______.

A

vertical

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9
Q

Ignoring air resistance, rotation, and friction, the final velocity of an object that is dropped is ________ as the final velocity of an object that rolls down an inclined plane.

A

the same as

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10
Q

Equation: mass from density

A

mass = density * volume

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11
Q

In order to determine the time it takes for an object to fall to Earth, you must first determine the object’s ________.

A

Weight

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12
Q

Formula: Weight

A

weight = mass * gravity = density velocityg

Note: g = 10 m/s^2

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13
Q

If a sparingly soluble metal hydroxide M(OH)2 has a molar solubility of S mol/L at 25ºC, what is its Ksp value?

A

Ksp = [M] * [OH-]^2
Solubility of [M] = S mol/L
Solubility of [OH-]^2 = 2S mol/L
Solubility = (S) * (2S)^2 = S(4S)^2 = 4S^3

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14
Q

Equation: Ksp for A^a * B^b

A

Ksp = [A]^a * [B]^b

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15
Q

If the quantity of gas remains unchanged while the Temp increases, what will happen to the volume of the gas?

A

It will increase as long as pressure remains the same

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16
Q

Equation: Ideal Gas Law

A

PV = nRT

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17
Q

In a gas, volume and temperature are _________ proportional

A

directly

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18
Q

In a gas, pressure and volume are _______ proportional

A

inversely

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19
Q

If an ice cube floats in liquid w/ 9/10 of its volume submerged were placed on the Moon, which has 1/6 the gravitational force of Earth, the ice cube would float with ________ of its volume submerged.

A

9/10 of its volume (no change on the Moon from the earth)

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20
Q

Equation: Weight due to gravity

A

W = mg = density(fluid) * volume submerged * gravity

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21
Q

Both ______ and the _____ force are proportional to g

A

weight and buoyant force

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22
Q

the numerical value of g is irrelevant to the _______ of the object submerged

A

volume of the object that is submerged
i.e. the volume of an object submerged in fluid on Earth would be the same as the volume of an object submerged in fluid on the moon w/ 1/6 the gravitational force

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23
Q

What optical property of glass allows it to carry a light digital signal for long distances with only minimal loss of amplitude?

A

Reflection

24
Q

Light is carried for long distances w/in a transparent material due to ______

A

total internal reflection

25
Q

Equation: Buoyant Force

A

F(b) = density(fluid) * volume(object) * g

26
Q

The temperature of the air and depth of a balloon filled w/ air in a tank of water are not affected by what property of the water in which it is submerged?

A

mass of the water

27
Q

Work done by a gas in expending ________ its internal energy

A

decreases

28
Q

The temperature and pressure of air inside a balloon submerged in water will _______ as the balloon rises to the surface (depth decreases)

A

decrease

29
Q

What vertical forces act on an air-filled balloon as it rises to the surface of a tank filled w/ water?

A

buoyant force and weight

30
Q

What acts perpendicularly to all surfaces of an object submerged in water?

A

water pressure

31
Q

Where is the speed of water the greatest through a valve?

A

through the pipe with the smallest area (i.e. where the pipe is most narrow)

32
Q

the speed of fluid flow is __________ proportional to the cross-sectional area of the pipe

A

inversely

33
Q

All other variables held constant, what will happen to the pressure of the air inside of a balloon when the volume is doubled?

A

it is reduced to 1/2 the original pressure

(Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional

34
Q

Equation: Pressure and Volume of a gas/fluid

A

P1V1 = P2V2

35
Q

top, left portion of a phase diagram

A

solid

36
Q

top, right portion of a phase diagram

A

liquid

37
Q

bottom portion of a phase diagram (increasing area under curve to the R)

A

vapor

38
Q

Equation: Resistivity (constant Temp)

A

Resistance = Resistivity * (Length / Area)

39
Q

how many sodium ions are in the 50 mL sample of Na2CO3?

Have 7.15 g Na2CO3) (MM = 286

A

3 * 10^22.
Equation: 7.15 g / 286 g/mol = 0.025 mol Na2CO3
Have 2 moles of Na+ ions in 1 mol of Na2CO3, so 2(0.025) = 0.050 mol Na+ ions.
Multiple number of moles of the ion * Avogadro’s #: (0.05)(6.022*10^23) = 3.01 * 10^22 ions Na+

40
Q

Carbonate reacts w/ water to form ______

A

OH- ions

forms basic solution

41
Q

HCl reacts w/ carbonate to form ______

A

CO2 gas

42
Q

Nickel (II) can be responsible for the color change in a solution because it has ________. Electrons can absorb visible light to move to this higher energy level and produce a color change.

A

unfilled d orbitals

43
Q

When aqueous solutions of various anions and cations are mixed, a precipitate forms because ______

A

the solubility product of a compound was exceeded

44
Q

value that defines the amount of a substance that will be dissolved in water
constant value for a particular solute
if the amount of a compound present exceeds this value, a precipitate will form to maintain this value

A

Ksp (solubility constant)

Ksp for Aa * Bb = [A]^a * [B]^b

45
Q

AB + CD —–> AD + CB (where one product is a precipitate)
reaction that occurs in mix of aqueous solutions of cations and anions
ionic compounds switch the ions w/ which they were paired

A

metathesis reaction

46
Q

The lower the value of Ksp, the lower the _____________ in the aqueous solution and the lower the solubility of the compound in water.

A

concentrations of cations and anions

47
Q

voltage provided to external components of a circuit

reduced by the voltage required to overcome internal resistance

A

terminal voltage

48
Q

Equation: Terminal Voltage

A

V = Electromotive force (Emf) - I * R

49
Q

If the angle of refraction from medium 2 is greater than the angle of refraction from angle 1, then light will bend ______ normal

A

away from

50
Q

If the angle of refraction from medium 2 is less than the angle of refraction from angle 1, then light will bend ______ normal

A

toward

51
Q

What property of sound remains the same before and after reflection?

A

Speed

52
Q

The ______ of a sound in air remains constant in air.

A

speed

53
Q

what is not required in order to determine the relative speed of approach of a sound source by Doppler measurements?

A

Distance between source and observer

54
Q

Equation: Doppler Effect

A

∆f / f = -v / c

*Describes relative velocity between source and detector

55
Q

a change in momentum (∆p) by a force over a time interval

A

Impulse (I)

56
Q

Equation: Impulse

A

I = F / ∆t = ∆p

MCAT Practice Test 8 Corrections (2 decks)

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