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Physical science test Flashcards

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0
Q

Law of force and acceleration

A

The acceleration of an object is decedent upon two variables

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1
Q

Law of Inertia

A

An object at rest stay at rest and object in motion stay in motion unless acted on by outside force

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2
Q

Law of action/reaction

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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3
Q

How can newtons law apply in a car crash?

A

Third law applies

When a car hits with the same force as the other car action and reaction occurs

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4
Q

Which of newtons law applies to the rocks that gets stuck while the other plate is subducting into the mantle?

A

Acceleration

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5
Q

Which law causes the land to bulge up above the subducting plate?

A

Action and force

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6
Q

Which law causes tsunami to occur when earth quakes take place in the water?

A

Law of inertia

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7
Q

1st law

A
  • only force has the ability to change motion
  • net force determine how an object moves
  • change in motion comes from unbalanced forces
  • Inertia is the property of an object that resists changes in motion
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8
Q

2nd law

A
  • Acceleration is the result of unbalanced forces
  • A large force equal a larger acceleration
  • Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass
  • Force and motion comets through acceleration
  • Acceleration is proportional to force
  • Net force affects motion
  • Formula : force divided by mass
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9
Q

3rd law

A 
Action and reaction is equal in force 
More mass result in less acceleration 
D=MV 
Force only comes in action (action pair) 
Momentum=mass
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10
Q

What are variables of motion?

A

The variable of motions are

  • position
  • velocity
  • speed
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11
Q

Why is friction between moving parts of machines undesirable?

A

It waste energy that could otherwise be used to perform work, make heat!

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12
Q

What do we do to reduce that friction?

A

applying lubricant such as oil

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13
Q

An example of motion

A

Rolling down a hill

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14
Q

An example of simple movement

A

Walking in a line

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15
Q

An example of complex movement

A

A ball being thrown in the air

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16
Q

Position

A

Where an object is located

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17
Q

Speed

A

Precisely how fast an object is moving

Formula:Distance/Time

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18
Q

Acceleration

A

Precisely how fast an objects speed is changing

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19
Q

Distance

A

Velocity/time

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20
Q

Time

A

Distance / Speed

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21
Q

Exact number

A

Any number obtain by counting or given by definition

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22
Q

Approximate number

A

Any number obtain by a process of measurement

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23
Q

Accuracy of an approximate number

A

Number is judge by number of significant digits

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24
Q

Precision of an approximate number

A

Numbers refers to the decimal position of the significant digit furthest to the right

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25
Q

Significant digits

A

Digits that have meaning relative to the measuring process used to obtain them

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26
Q

5 rules governing which digits of an approximate numbers are significant

A
  1. Nonzero digits
  2. Zeros that are preceded and followed by significant digits
  3. Final zeros to the right on the right of decimal point
  4. Final zero on a whole number are not significant
  5. If no digits lefts of the decimal point (zeros between the decently point and the first digit are not significant
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27
Q

Example of significant digits

14.24

.0036

14.0024

7001

  1. 9000
  2. 03600

Statement: Hawaii is 2400 west of LA

Distance: miles between two cities is 20

A 
4 significant digits (1) 
2 significant digits (1&5) 
6 significant digits (3)
4 significant digits (2) 
5 significant digits (3)
4 significant digits (1&5) 
2 significant digits (4)
2 significant digits (4)
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28
Q

Rounding to indicate place value

Digits on the right less than 5, retain the place value

Digits on the right greater than 5 or equal, add 1 to the digits

Eliminate all digits to the right

A
  1. 57834 nearest hundredths
  2. 58 (2)

37.50 nearest unit
38 (2)

  1. 0031 nearest thousandth
  2. 003 (1)
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29
Q

Adding and subtracting approximate numbers

A

Express result with the precision of the least precise number

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30
Q

Multiplying and dividing approximate number

A

Express result to the accuracy of the least accurate number

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31
Q

Taking the root of an approximate number

A

Express result to the accuracy of the number

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32
Q

Rounding before and after calculation

A

Before calculation all numbers except the least precise or the least accurate maybe rounded to one place beyond that of the least precise or least accurate

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33
Q

Exact number in a calculation

A

The accuracy of the result is limited only be the approximate numbers involved

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34
Q

Qualitative measurement

A

Measurement that cannot be measured in numbers

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35
Q

Quantitative measurement

A

Where numbers are used to measure changes

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36
Q

Accurate

A

Quality of being exact

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37
Q

Precision

A

The state of being precise

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38
Q

Calibration

A

To determine, check the graduation of instrument giving quantitive measurement

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39
Q

International system of unit

A

Accepted system of physical unit

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40
Q

Mass

A

A body of matter

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41
Q

Weight

A

The amount or quantity of heaviness or mass

42
Q

Meniscus

A

The crescent or a crescent shape body

43
Q

Different kind of forces

A 
Contact force 
Normal force 
Friction 
Elastic force 
Electrostatic force 
Magnetic force 
Gravity 
Strong force 
Weak force
44
Q

Forces are balances or unbalanced

A

Balanced force always change the motion of the object
Unbalanced force never change the motion of the object

You can tell if a force is balanced or unbalanced by if the object change motion

45
Q

What is force?

A

Push or pull

Unbalanced or balances

Direction and magnitude

Measured in newtons

46
Q

Chemistry measurement unit metric prefixes table

Great Mighty King Henry Die By Drinking Chocolate Milk Monday Night

A 
Giga
  G 
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000/1
10^9 
1Gm=1,000,000,000 m 
Mega 
   M 
1,000,000
1,000,000/1
1,000,000^6 
1Mm=1,000,000 m 
Kilo
   k 
1000
1000/1
10^3 
1 km = 1000 meter 
Hecto
    h
100
100/1
10^2
1 hm = 100 m 
Deka
    da
10
10/1
10^1 
1 dam = 10 meter 
Basic unit 
   N/a
Seconds, liter, meter, grams
1
1/1
10^0
1m = 1 meters 
Deci 
   D
0.1
1/100
10^-2

Centi

Milli

Micro

Nano

47
Q

Observation

A

Gathering of information through the use of our 5 senses

Because senses are limited, instruments were developed
Microscope, telescope, cameras

48
Q

2 type of observations

A

Quantitative
Measuring and counting
5 petals

Qualitative
Describing
The flower is red

49
Q

Conclusion from observation

A

Inferences

Hypothesis

50
Q

Inference

A

Reasonable conclusion based on observation

The school is having a scheduled monthly drill

The student is in trouble

51
Q

Hypothesis

A

Idea taken from observation that is testable

Forms:
A question
Conditional statement
An if-than question

52
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable controlled by experimenter

A daisy will grow faster if water more frequently

Independent variable is how often the daisy is watered

53
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable measured as a result of changing the independent variable

A daisy will grow if watered more frequently

The independent variable is growth of the daisy

54
Q

What should a strong hypothesis should always be?

A

Clear
Simpler
Measurable
Replicable

55
Q

Theory

A

An explanation for a large body of knowledge

Natural selection theory

Cell theory

56
Q

Law

A

Can only explain phenomena, but cannot tell why it happens

Law of segregation
Alleles controlling a trait are separated during meiosis

Law of independent assortment
Homologous chromosomes separate independently of other homologous chromosomes

57
Q

A scientific theory is

A

Same as hypothesis

58
Q

Which is strongest hypothesis?

A

Deciduous trees loses their leaves in the autumn in response to changing temperatures

59
Q

A scientist is testing the effect of a chemical on an orange grove yield. One orange grove has the chemical applied and another does not. The number of oranges harvested from each grove is then counted. What is the independent variable of this experiment and why?

A

Number of oranges harvested because you won’t know the out come.

60
Q

Does the plant food, Super grow, work as well as its commercial claims?

A

If I feed super grow to the plant, then it will respond to the chemical hast as the commercial claims!

61
Q

Blade length

A

The measure of the blade from end to end

62
Q

Blade pitch

A

The angle of the blade on the rotor

63
Q

Blade twist

A

A blade twist build into the blade to equalize the lift

64
Q

Tip shape

A

The taper of the blade tip

65
Q

Airfoil shape

A

The curved shape of the blade

66
Q

Turbine height

A

The height of the turbine when installed at the top of the tower

67
Q

3m material

A

Performance materials added to the blade in order to increase lifespan and efficiency

68
Q

Type of thermometer

A

Fahrenheit
Celsius
Absolute zero

69
Q

Scales

A

Kelvin scale
Digital
Liquid crystal

70
Q

What is matter?

A

430 BCE
Greek philosopher-matter were made out of tiny particle called atom

1803
Atoms but lacked proof

1827
Brown-tiny grains in water making the brownish motion which is a jerky irregular motion

1905
Albert E. Brownian motion caused by collusion between visible particle like pollen grains and smaller visible partial

71
Q

Testable questions

A

Specific
Measurable
Not opinion
Suggest an experiment

72
Q

Controlled experiment

A

Independent variable
You change

Dependent variable
Data

Control
Comparison group
Group that does not received the standard treatment

Controlled variable
Things kept same between experimental group
Procedures designs to make sure that only the independent variable is changing between experimental group

73
Q

Table and graph must have

A

Title describing the experiment

Dependent vs independent

Independent variable on the x axis

Dependent variable on y axis

74
Q

Scientist believe the universe follows a set of rules called

A

Natural law

75
Q

Learning about science by asking question is called

A

Inquiry

76
Q

Scientific evidence must be

A

Objective,which mean evidence should describe only what happens as exactly as possible

Repeatable

Include numbers, graph, words, pictures, sound recording, or other information

Scientific evidence must be communicated clearly with no room for misunderstanding

77
Q

Scientific theory

A

Attempt to describe a natural law

78
Q

2 things can happen with new evidence

A

The current theory correctly explains the new idea or current theory does not explain the new evidence so a new or improved theory is waiting to be discovered

79
Q

Goal of experiment

A

Understand the relationship between variable

80
Q

Simple ideal experiment only

A

One variable is changed at a time

81
Q

Trial

A

Each time you run a test

82
Q

Experimental technique

A

How you actually do the experiment

83
Q

Procedure

A

Collection of all the techniques you use to do an experiment

84
Q

What is the engineering cycle

A

Design a prototype
Build a prototype
Test a prototype
Evaluating a prototype

85
Q

Conceptual design

A

Your ideas

86
Q

Prototype

A

A working model of a design that can be tested to see if it works

87
Q

Units

A

Show relationships between independent and dependent variable

88
Q

Bar graph

A

Compares categories of data

X axis - categories
Y axis - numerical data

89
Q

Line graph

A

Used for data that changes over time

Connect dot to dot

X axis - Time
Y axis - numerical data

90
Q

Pie chart

A

Compare parts of a whole

Written as a percentage

91
Q

X Y scatter plot

A

Used to determine the relationship between two variable

Both axis have numerical data graphed on a scale

Y axis - dependent variable
X axis - independent variable

Line may be curves or straight

92
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space the object takes up

Meters cubed

93
Q

Displacement

A

Finding the volume of an irregular shape

94
Q

Efficiency

A

Of a Machines is the ration of usable output work divided by total input work

Expressed in percentage

95
Q

Power

A

The rate at which work is done

P=W/T

96
Q

One watts

A

1 joules

97
Q

Work input

A

Work or energy supplies to process or machines

98
Q

Work output

A

The work or energy comes out of the process or machines

99
Q

Work

A

Form of energy you either use or get when a force is applied over a distance

W=F/D
Force times distance

100
Q

Potential energy

A

Amount of work it can do

Mxgxh

101
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The amount of work the object can do exerting force when stop

1/2 MV squared

102
Q

Use find know

A

Acceleration
Force divided by mass

Force
Mass times acceleration

Mass
Force divided by mass

103
Q

Density

A

How much mass is in a given of a material

Density
Mass divided by volume

Volume
Mass divided by density

Mass
Density x volume

Physical Science Quiz bowl (1 decks)

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