Physical science test Flashcards
0
Q
Law of force and acceleration
A
The acceleration of an object is decedent upon two variables
1
Q
Law of Inertia
A
An object at rest stay at rest and object in motion stay in motion unless acted on by outside force
2
Q
Law of action/reaction
A
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
3
Q
How can newtons law apply in a car crash?
A
Third law applies
When a car hits with the same force as the other car action and reaction occurs
4
Q
Which of newtons law applies to the rocks that gets stuck while the other plate is subducting into the mantle?
A
Acceleration
5
Q
Which law causes the land to bulge up above the subducting plate?
A
Action and force
6
Q
Which law causes tsunami to occur when earth quakes take place in the water?
A
Law of inertia
7
Q
1st law
A
- only force has the ability to change motion
- net force determine how an object moves
- change in motion comes from unbalanced forces
- Inertia is the property of an object that resists changes in motion
8
Q
2nd law
A
- Acceleration is the result of unbalanced forces
- A large force equal a larger acceleration
- Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass
- Force and motion comets through acceleration
- Acceleration is proportional to force
- Net force affects motion
- Formula : force divided by mass
9
Q
3rd law
A
Action and reaction is equal in force More mass result in less acceleration D=MV Force only comes in action (action pair) Momentum=mass
10
Q
What are variables of motion?
A
The variable of motions are
- position
- velocity
- speed
11
Q
Why is friction between moving parts of machines undesirable?
A
It waste energy that could otherwise be used to perform work, make heat!
12
Q
What do we do to reduce that friction?
A
applying lubricant such as oil
13
Q
An example of motion
A
Rolling down a hill
14
Q
An example of simple movement
A
Walking in a line
15
Q
An example of complex movement
A
A ball being thrown in the air
16
Q
Position
A
Where an object is located
17
Q
Speed
A
Precisely how fast an object is moving
Formula:Distance/Time
18
Q
Acceleration
A
Precisely how fast an objects speed is changing
19
Q
Distance
A
Velocity/time
20
Q
Time
A
Distance / Speed
21
Q
Exact number
A
Any number obtain by counting or given by definition
22
Q
Approximate number
A
Any number obtain by a process of measurement
23
Q
Accuracy of an approximate number
A
Number is judge by number of significant digits
24
Precision of an approximate number
Numbers refers to the decimal position of the significant digit furthest to the right
25
Significant digits
Digits that have meaning relative to the measuring process used to obtain them
26
5 rules governing which digits of an approximate numbers are significant
1. Nonzero digits
2. Zeros that are preceded and followed by significant digits
3. Final zeros to the right on the right of decimal point
4. Final zero on a whole number are not significant
5. If no digits lefts of the decimal point (zeros between the decently point and the first digit are not significant
27
Example of significant digits
14.24
.0036
14.0024
7001
8. 9000
0. 03600
Statement: Hawaii is 2400 west of LA
Distance: miles between two cities is 20
```
4 significant digits (1)
2 significant digits (1&5)
6 significant digits (3)
4 significant digits (2)
5 significant digits (3)
4 significant digits (1&5)
2 significant digits (4)
2 significant digits (4)
```
28
Rounding to indicate place value
Digits on the right less than 5, retain the place value
Digits on the right greater than 5 or equal, add 1 to the digits
Eliminate all digits to the right
2. 57834 nearest hundredths
2. 58 (2)
37.50 nearest unit
38 (2)
0. 0031 nearest thousandth
0. 003 (1)
29
Adding and subtracting approximate numbers
Express result with the precision of the least precise number
30
Multiplying and dividing approximate number
Express result to the accuracy of the least accurate number
31
Taking the root of an approximate number
Express result to the accuracy of the number
32
Rounding before and after calculation
Before calculation all numbers except the least precise or the least accurate maybe rounded to one place beyond that of the least precise or least accurate
33
Exact number in a calculation
The accuracy of the result is limited only be the approximate numbers involved
34
Qualitative measurement
Measurement that cannot be measured in numbers
35
Quantitative measurement
Where numbers are used to measure changes
36
Accurate
Quality of being exact
37
Precision
The state of being precise
38
Calibration
To determine, check the graduation of instrument giving quantitive measurement
39
International system of unit
Accepted system of physical unit
40
Mass
A body of matter
41
Weight
The amount or quantity of heaviness or mass
42
Meniscus
The crescent or a crescent shape body
43
Different kind of forces
```
Contact force
Normal force
Friction
Elastic force
Electrostatic force
Magnetic force
Gravity
Strong force
Weak force
```
44
Forces are balances or unbalanced
Balanced force always change the motion of the object
Unbalanced force never change the motion of the object
You can tell if a force is balanced or unbalanced by if the object change motion
45
What is force?
Push or pull
Unbalanced or balances
Direction and magnitude
Measured in newtons
46
Chemistry measurement unit metric prefixes table
Great Mighty King Henry Die By Drinking Chocolate Milk Monday Night
```
Giga
G
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000/1
10^9
1Gm=1,000,000,000 m
```
```
Mega
M
1,000,000
1,000,000/1
1,000,000^6
1Mm=1,000,000 m
```
```
Kilo
k
1000
1000/1
10^3
1 km = 1000 meter
```
```
Hecto
h
100
100/1
10^2
1 hm = 100 m
```
```
Deka
da
10
10/1
10^1
1 dam = 10 meter
```
```
Basic unit
N/a
Seconds, liter, meter, grams
1
1/1
10^0
1m = 1 meters
```
```
Deci
D
0.1
1/100
10^-2
```
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
47
Observation
Gathering of information through the use of our 5 senses
Because senses are limited, instruments were developed
Microscope, telescope, cameras
48
2 type of observations
Quantitative
Measuring and counting
5 petals
Qualitative
Describing
The flower is red
49
Conclusion from observation
Inferences
| Hypothesis
50
Inference
Reasonable conclusion based on observation
The school is having a scheduled monthly drill
The student is in trouble
51
Hypothesis
Idea taken from observation that is testable
Forms:
A question
Conditional statement
An if-than question
52
Independent variable
The variable controlled by experimenter
A daisy will grow faster if water more frequently
Independent variable is how often the daisy is watered
53
Dependent variable
The variable measured as a result of changing the independent variable
A daisy will grow if watered more frequently
The independent variable is growth of the daisy
54
What should a strong hypothesis should always be?
Clear
Simpler
Measurable
Replicable
55
Theory
An explanation for a large body of knowledge
Natural selection theory
Cell theory
56
Law
Can only explain phenomena, but cannot tell why it happens
Law of segregation
Alleles controlling a trait are separated during meiosis
Law of independent assortment
Homologous chromosomes separate independently of other homologous chromosomes
57
A scientific theory is
Same as hypothesis
58
Which is strongest hypothesis?
Deciduous trees loses their leaves in the autumn in response to changing temperatures
59
A scientist is testing the effect of a chemical on an orange grove yield. One orange grove has the chemical applied and another does not. The number of oranges harvested from each grove is then counted. What is the independent variable of this experiment and why?
Number of oranges harvested because you won't know the out come.
60
Does the plant food, Super grow, work as well as its commercial claims?
If I feed super grow to the plant, then it will respond to the chemical hast as the commercial claims!
61
Blade length
The measure of the blade from end to end
62
Blade pitch
The angle of the blade on the rotor
63
Blade twist
A blade twist build into the blade to equalize the lift
64
Tip shape
The taper of the blade tip
65
Airfoil shape
The curved shape of the blade
66
Turbine height
The height of the turbine when installed at the top of the tower
67
3m material
Performance materials added to the blade in order to increase lifespan and efficiency
68
Type of thermometer
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Absolute zero
69
Scales
Kelvin scale
Digital
Liquid crystal
70
What is matter?
430 BCE
Greek philosopher-matter were made out of tiny particle called atom
1803
Atoms but lacked proof
1827
Brown-tiny grains in water making the brownish motion which is a jerky irregular motion
1905
Albert E. Brownian motion caused by collusion between visible particle like pollen grains and smaller visible partial
71
Testable questions
Specific
Measurable
Not opinion
Suggest an experiment
72
Controlled experiment
Independent variable
You change
Dependent variable
Data
Control
Comparison group
Group that does not received the standard treatment
Controlled variable
Things kept same between experimental group
Procedures designs to make sure that only the independent variable is changing between experimental group
73
Table and graph must have
Title describing the experiment
Dependent vs independent
Independent variable on the x axis
Dependent variable on y axis
74
Scientist believe the universe follows a set of rules called
Natural law
75
Learning about science by asking question is called
Inquiry
76
Scientific evidence must be
Objective,which mean evidence should describe only what happens as exactly as possible
Repeatable
Include numbers, graph, words, pictures, sound recording, or other information
Scientific evidence must be communicated clearly with no room for misunderstanding
77
Scientific theory
Attempt to describe a natural law
78
2 things can happen with new evidence
The current theory correctly explains the new idea or current theory does not explain the new evidence so a new or improved theory is waiting to be discovered
79
Goal of experiment
Understand the relationship between variable
80
Simple ideal experiment only
One variable is changed at a time
81
Trial
Each time you run a test
82
Experimental technique
How you actually do the experiment
83
Procedure
Collection of all the techniques you use to do an experiment
84
What is the engineering cycle
Design a prototype
Build a prototype
Test a prototype
Evaluating a prototype
85
Conceptual design
Your ideas
86
Prototype
A working model of a design that can be tested to see if it works
87
Units
Show relationships between independent and dependent variable
88
Bar graph
Compares categories of data
X axis - categories
Y axis - numerical data
89
Line graph
Used for data that changes over time
Connect dot to dot
X axis - Time
Y axis - numerical data
90
Pie chart
Compare parts of a whole
Written as a percentage
91
X Y scatter plot
Used to determine the relationship between two variable
Both axis have numerical data graphed on a scale
Y axis - dependent variable
X axis - independent variable
Line may be curves or straight
92
Volume
The amount of space the object takes up
Meters cubed
93
Displacement
Finding the volume of an irregular shape
94
Efficiency
Of a Machines is the ration of usable output work divided by total input work
Expressed in percentage
95
Power
The rate at which work is done
P=W/T
96
One watts
1 joules
97
Work input
Work or energy supplies to process or machines
98
Work output
The work or energy comes out of the process or machines
99
Work
Form of energy you either use or get when a force is applied over a distance
W=F/D
Force times distance
100
Potential energy
Amount of work it can do
Mxgxh
101
Kinetic energy
The amount of work the object can do exerting force when stop
1/2 MV squared
102
Use find know
Acceleration
Force divided by mass
Force
Mass times acceleration
Mass
Force divided by mass
103
Density
How much mass is in a given of a material
Density
Mass divided by volume
Volume
Mass divided by density
Mass
Density x volume
