Physical Science Midterm Flashcards
Accuracy
the quality or state of being correct or precise
Precision
the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate
Observation
the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information
Inference
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
Hypothesis
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
Independent Variable
a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another
Dependent Variable
a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another
Constant
occurring continuously over a period of time
Control Group
used to establish causality by isolating the effect of an independent variable
Quantitive
relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality
Qualitative
relating to, measuring, or measuring by the quality of something rather than its quantity
Average Speed
the total distance traveled by the object in a particular time interval
Instantaneous speed
the speed of an object at a particular moment in time
Inertia
a property of matter that causes it to resist changes in velocity (speed and/or direction)
Newtons 1st law
every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.
Newtons 2nd Law
a force to be equal to change in momentum (mass times velocity) per change in time
Newtons 3rd Law
for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction
Kinetic Energy
energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.
Potential Energy
stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system
Mechanical Energy
the energy of either an object in motion or the energy that is stored in objects by their position, (both kinetic and potential)
Conductor
a substance or material that allows electricity to flow through it
Insulator
a material that does not easily allow heat and/or electricity to pass through it
Work
the transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is displaced
Power
time rate of doing work or delivering energy
Circuit
a complete circular path that electricity flows through.
Voltage
a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.
Resistance
the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current.
Current
he rate at which electrons flow past a point in a complete electrical circuit
Wave
a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without a net movement of particles.
mechanical wave
wave that is an oscillation of matter and is responsible for the transfer of energy through a medium.
electromagnetic wave
waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field
wavelength
the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
period
a length or portion of time
frequency
the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.
amplitude
the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.
reflection
when light bounces off an object.
Refraction
the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another
Diffraction
the spreading of waves as they pass through or around an obstacle.
Absorption
when something takes in another substance.
Weight
the gravitational force of attraction on an object, caused by the presence of a massive second object, such as the Earth or Moon
54- joules
58-stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
60- add all ohms, divide the V by the added-up ohms
69- 129HZ
18- D
20- D
25-A
30- B
31- V=IxR
32-A
33- A
34-C
35-B
39- Control group- Litter B
47- correct
48- Newtons 1st law
53- joules
54- Joules
58 stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
60- add up ohms, I=V/R
69-129Hz
