Physical Science Midterm

Question 1

Accuracy

Answer 1

the quality or state of being correct or precise

Question 2

Precision

Answer 2

the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate

Question 3

Observation

Answer 3

the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information

Question 4

Inference

Answer 4

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Question 6

Independent Variable

Answer 6

a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another

Question 7

Dependent Variable

Answer 7

a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another

Question 8

Constant

Answer 8

occurring continuously over a period of time

Question 9

Control Group

Answer 9

used to establish causality by isolating the effect of an independent variable

Question 10

Quantitive

Answer 10

relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality

Question 11

Qualitative

Answer 11

relating to, measuring, or measuring by the quality of something rather than its quantity

Question 12

Average Speed

Answer 12

the total distance traveled by the object in a particular time interval

Question 13

Instantaneous speed

Answer 13

the speed of an object at a particular moment in time

Question 14

Inertia

Answer 14

a property of matter that causes it to resist changes in velocity (speed and/or direction)

Question 15

Newtons 1st law

Answer 15

every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.

Question 16

Newtons 2nd Law

Answer 16

a force to be equal to change in momentum (mass times velocity) per change in time

Question 17

Newtons 3rd Law

Answer 17

for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 18

Kinetic Energy

Answer 18

energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.

Question 19

Potential Energy

Answer 19

stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system

Question 20

Mechanical Energy

Answer 20

the energy of either an object in motion or the energy that is stored in objects by their position, (both kinetic and potential)

Question 21

Conductor

Answer 21

a substance or material that allows electricity to flow through it

Question 22

Insulator

Answer 22

a material that does not easily allow heat and/or electricity to pass through it

Question 23

Work

Answer 23

the transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is displaced

Question 24

Power

Answer 24

time rate of doing work or delivering energy

Question 25

Circuit

Answer 25

a complete circular path that electricity flows through.

Question 26

Voltage

Answer 26

a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.

Question 27

Resistance

Answer 27

the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current.

Question 28

Current

Answer 28

he rate at which electrons flow past a point in a complete electrical circuit

Question 29

Wave

Answer 29

a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without a net movement of particles.

Question 30

mechanical wave

Answer 30

wave that is an oscillation of matter and is responsible for the transfer of energy through a medium.

Question 31

electromagnetic wave

Answer 31

waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field

Question 32

wavelength

Answer 32

the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.

Question 33

period

Answer 33

a length or portion of time

Question 34

frequency

Answer 34

the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.

Question 35

amplitude

Answer 35

the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.

Question 36

reflection

Answer 36

when light bounces off an object.

Question 37

Refraction

Answer 37

the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another

Question 38

Diffraction

Answer 38

the spreading of waves as they pass through or around an obstacle.

Question 39

Absorption

Answer 39

when something takes in another substance.

Question 40

Weight

Answer 40

the gravitational force of attraction on an object, caused by the presence of a massive second object, such as the Earth or Moon

Question 41

54- joules 58-stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. 60- add all ohms, divide the V by the added-up ohms 69- 129HZ

Answer 41

18- D 20- D 25-A 30- B 31- V=IxR 32-A 33- A 34-C 35-B 39- Control group- Litter B 47- correct 48- Newtons 1st law 53- joules 54- Joules 58 stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. 60- add up ohms, I=V/R 69-129Hz