Physical Science Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Forms of Energy
chemical, electrical, potential, kinetic, mechanical, thermal, nuclear, elastic potential
Ring of fire
Heat, fuel, oxygen
Centripetal force
a force that moves or is moving in a circular path
Three main parts of an atom
Electron, Proton, and neutron
What is the universal solvent
Water
Catalyst
a chemical that speeds up chemical reactions
Inhibitor
chemical or biological molecules that regulate chemical reactions by slowing down or blocking them from occurring
Weight
the measure of the force of gravity acting on a body.
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Gravity
A force that pulls objects down to earth
Momentum
strength or force gained by motion or by a series of events
Motion
Change of potion compared to a reference point
Inertia
An object in motion that stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
Speed
how fast an object is moving. (Distance and time affect speed)
Three forms of heat transfer
conduction, radiation, and convection.
Subscript
small-sized number on the bottom right of the symbol. It refers to the number of atoms of the element. If the subscript appears on the bottom left of the symbol, it gives the element’s atomic number.
Three temperature scales
Calvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit
Ion
an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons
How is the periodic table set up?
The chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms.
Ionic Bond
a chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom. I
What do waves transfer
Energy
Crescent Wave
The highest surface part of a wave
Trough wave
the lowest part of a wave
Wavelength
the distance from one crest to another, or from one trough to another, of a wave
What is the most visible color on the spectrum
Green
What are the colors on the spectrum
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet,
What is chemical energy
the energy which is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (molecules and atoms)
Electric energy
the power an atom’s charged particles have to cause an action or move an object
Potential energy
Energy at rest
Kinetic energy
Energy in motion
Thermal energy
the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature
Mechanical Energy
the energy of either an object in motion or the energy that is stored in objects by their position
Nuclear energy
a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons
Elastic potential energy
energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object
Chemical reaction
Energy is absorbed to break bonds, and energy is evolved as bonds are made
Physical reaction
A change of state, meaning changing a substance from one state, solid, liquid, gas, to another
What light can people see
Visible light (white light)
Force
A push or pull
If you are high on a mountain does pressure increase or decrease.
Decreased
If you are deep in the ocean does pressure increase or decrease
Increased
What is the SI unit of force
The SI unit of force is the newton, symbol N.
What are fluids
Gases and liquids
Four types of friction
Sliding, rolling, static, fluid
Bernoulli’s Principal
as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases.
Pascal’s Principal
Pascal’s law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in the container.
Archimedes Principal
The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
