Physical Science Exam Prep

Question 1

core electrons

Answer 1

Electrons in the energy levels below the outermost energy level.

Question 2

covalent bond

Answer 2

Sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non-metal atoms.

Question 3

electron affinity

Answer 3

Electron affinity is the quantity of energy released when an electron is
added to an atom in the ground state.

Question 4

electronegativity

Answer 4

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of
electrons.

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction.

Question 6

ionization energy

Answer 6

The amount of energy required to remove one electron from an atom in
the gaseous phase.

Question 7

isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element having the same atomic number
but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

metallic bonding

Answer 8

Bonding between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons.

Question 9

non-polar covalent
(pure covalent)

Answer 9

An equal sharing of electrons.

Question 10

polar covalent

Answer 10

Unequal sharing of electrons leads to a dipole forming.

Question 11

valence electrons

Answer 11

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

Question 12

condensation

Answer 12

The process of a gas becoming a liquid.

Question 13

deposition

Answer 13

The process of a gas becoming a solid.

Question 14

evaporation

Answer 14

The process of a liquid becoming a gas.

Question 15

freezing

Answer 15

The process of a liquid becoming a solid.

Question 16

melting

Answer 16

The process of a solid becoming a liquid.

Question 17

sublimation

Answer 17

The process of a solid becoming a gas.

Question 18

boiling point

Answer 18

The temperature at which a liquid starts to become a gas.

Question 19

freezing point

Answer 19

The temperature at which a liquid starts to become a solid.

Question 20

melting point

Answer 20

The temperature at which a solid starts to become a liquid.

Question 21

compound

Answer 21

A compound consists of particles that are made up of more than one type
of atoms, and the different types of atoms are joined together chemically.

Question 22

element

Answer 22

An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Question 23

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 23

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where we can still see the different components of the mixture.

Question 24

homogenous mixture

Answer 24

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that exists as only one phase so
that we cannot distinguish visually between the different components of
the mixture.

Question 25

mixture

Answer 25

A mixture consists of two or more pure substances that can be mixed
together in any ratio.

Question 26

pure substance

Answer 26

A pure substance consists of the same type of particles throughout.

Question 27

law of conservation of mass

Answer 27

In a chemical reaction, the total mass of all the reactants equals the total
mass of all the products.

Question 28

law of constant composition

Answer 28

A specific chemical compound always contains the same elements in the
same ratio.

Question 29

solute

Answer 29

The substance that is dissolved in the solution.

Question 30

solvent

Answer 30

The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution.

Question 31

solution

Answer 31

A homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent.

Question 32

dissociation

Answer 32

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions.

Question 33

ionization

Answer 33

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

Question 34

hydration

Answer 34

Hydration is the process in which ions are surrounded by water molecules in a water solution.

Question 35

electrolyte

Answer 35

A substance that can conduct electricity by forming free ions when molten or dissolved in solution.

Question 36

molar mass

Answer 36

The mass in grams of one mole of that substance.

Question 37

concentration

Answer 37

The amount of solute per unit volume of solution.

Question 38

standard solution

Answer 38

A solution with a known concentration

Question 39

solute

Answer 39

The substance that is dissolved in the solution.

Question 40

solvent

Answer 40

The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution.

Question 41

solution

Answer 41

A homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent.

Question 42

H

Answer 42

hydrogen

Question 43

He

Answer 43

helium

Question 44

Li

Answer 44

lithium

Question 45

Be

Answer 45

beryllium

Question 46

B

Answer 46

boron

Question 47

C

Answer 47

carbon

Question 48

N

Answer 48

nitrogen

Question 49

O

Answer 49

oxygen

Question 50

F

Answer 50

fluorine

Question 51

Ne

Answer 51

neon

Question 52

Na

Answer 52

sodium

Question 53

Mg

Answer 53

magnesium

Question 54

Al

Answer 54

aluminum

Question 55

Si

Answer 55

silicon

Question 56

P

Answer 56

phosphorus

Question 57

S

Answer 57

sulfur

Question 58

Cl

Answer 58

chlorine

Question 59

Ar

Answer 59

argon

Question 60

K

Answer 60

potassium

Question 61

Ca

Answer 61

calcium

Question 62

Cr

Answer 62

chromium

Question 63

Mn

Answer 63

manganese

Question 64

Fe

Answer 64

iron

Question 65

Co

Answer 65

cobalt

Question 66

Ni

Answer 66

nickel

Question 67

Cu

Answer 67

copper

Question 68

Zn

Answer 68

zinc

Question 69

Br

Answer 69

bromine

Question 70

Sr

Answer 70

strontium

Question 71

Ag

Answer 71

silver

Question 72

Cd

Answer 72

cadmium

Question 73

Sn

Answer 73

tin

Question 74

I

Answer 74

iodine

Question 75

Cs

Answer 75

caesium

Question 76

Ba

Answer 76

barium

Question 77

Pt

Answer 77

platinum

Question 78

Au

Answer 78

gold

Question 79

Hg

Answer 79

mercury

Question 80

Pb

Answer 80

lead

Question 81

H⁺

Answer 81

hydrogen

Question 82

Li⁺

Answer 82

lithium

Question 83

Na⁺

Answer 83

sodium

Question 84

K⁺

Answer 84

potassium

Question 85

Ag⁺

Answer 85

silver

Question 86

Mg²⁺

Answer 86

magnesium

Question 87

Ca²⁺

Answer 87

calcium

Question 88

Mn²⁺

Answer 88

manganese

Question 89

Fe²⁺

Answer 89

iron (II)

Question 90

Ni²⁺

Answer 90

nickel

Question 91

Cu²⁺

Answer 91

copper

Question 92

Zn²⁺

Answer 92

zinc

Question 93

Pb²⁺

Answer 93

lead

Question 94

Al³⁺

Answer 94

aluminium

Question 95

Cr³⁺

Answer 95

chromium

Question 96

Fe³⁺

Answer 96

iron (III)

Question 97

F⁻

Answer 97

fluoride

Question 98

Cl⁻

Answer 98

chloride

Question 99

Br⁻

Answer 99

bromide

Question 100

I⁻

Answer 100

iodide

Question 101

O²⁻

Answer 101

oxide

Question 102

S²⁻

Answer 102

sulfide

Question 103

N³⁻

Answer 103

nitride

Question 104

ammonium

Answer 104

NH₄⁺

Question 105

hydronium

Answer 105

H₃O⁺

Question 106

chlorate

Answer 106

ClO₃⁻

Question 107

ethanoate

Answer 107

C₂H₃O₂⁻

Question 108

hydroxide

Answer 108

OH⁻

Question 109

nitrate

Answer 109

NO₃⁻

Question 110

nitrite

Answer 110

NO₂⁻

Question 111

permanganate

Answer 111

MnO₄⁻

Question 112

carbonate

Answer 112

CO₃²⁻

Question 113

hydrogen carbonate

Answer 113

HCO₃⁻

Question 114

sulfate

Answer 114

SO₄²⁻

Question 115

hydrogen sulfate

Answer 115

HSO₄⁻

Question 116

thiosulfate

Answer 116

S₂O₃²⁻

Question 117

sulfite

Answer 117

SO₃²⁻

Question 118

phosphate

Answer 118

PO₄³⁻

Question 119

dichromate

Answer 119

Cr₂O₇²⁻

Question 120

ethanoic acid/vinegar

Answer 120

CH₃COOH

Question 121

sodium hydrogen carbonate/baking soda

Answer 121

NaHCO₃

Question 122

sulfuric acid/battery acid

Answer 122

H₂SO₄

Question 123

ammonia

Answer 123

NH₃

Question 124

carbonic acid/soda water

Answer 124

H₂CO₃

Question 125

sodium hydroxide/caustic soda

Answer 125

NaOH

Question 126

calcium carbonate/marble

Answer 126

CaCO₃

Question 127

epsom salts/magnesium sulfate

Answer 127

MgSO₄