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Science 8 - WCS > Physical Science - Ch 18 > Flashcards

Physical Science - Ch 18 Flashcards

Chapter 18 Prep

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1
Q

Discovered the electron

A

Thomson

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2
Q

Organized the known elements in a table

A

Mendeleev

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3
Q

Discovered the element Radium

A

Curie

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4
Q

An ancient scientist that came up with the idea of an atom

A

Democritus

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5
Q

Came up with the modern model of the atom

A

Bohr

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6
Q

T/F - An atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons is a negative ion

A

False. An atom has 11 positives and 10 negatives it would be a positively charged “ion”. An ion is a charged particle

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7
Q

A charged particle

A

Ion

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8
Q

T/F - the first periodic table had empty spaces on it so new elements could be discovered

A

True. Mendeleev only knew of about 60 elements and left blanks for elements that needed to be discovered

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9
Q

T/F - An alpha particle is the nucleus of a helium atom

A

True. A helium atom nucleus would have two protons and two neutrons, which is the exact configuration of an alpha particle

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10
Q

A nucleus with two protons and two neutrons

A

An alpha particle

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11
Q

T/F - if an atom was the size of the classroom, the nucleus would be the size of Mr. Hawley

A

False. Would be about the size of a grain of sand

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12
Q

T/F - electrons are found in the nucleus and are more massive than neutrons

A

False. Electrons found in the electron shells and are only about 1/2000th the mass of a neutron or proton

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13
Q

(Can use perodic table/decay chain) - Mark bought a girl a ring with a cubic zirconium stone. What is the atomic number of the transition metal Zirconium?

A

40 - it has 40 protons

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14
Q

(Can use perodic table/decay chain) How many neutrons are in sodium 23?

A

12, because 11+12 is 23

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15
Q

(Can use perodic table/decay chain) T/F - the atomic number is the number of neutrons plus neutrons in an element

A

False - atomic number is the number of protons and it is what makes an element the element that it is

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16
Q

Number of protons an element has

A

Atomic number

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17
Q

T/F - Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of electrons

A

False - different numbers of neutrons

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18
Q

(Can use perodic table/decay chain) How many total electrons are in a neutral atom of uranium?

A

92 - since there are 92 protons, there would be 92 negative electrons to balance them out

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19
Q

(Can use perodic table/decay chain) How would you draw a model of a Silicon 29 atom

A

Need to draw 14 protons, 15 neutrons, 2 electrons in first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell and 4 electrons in the 3rd shell

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20
Q

T/F - You can use Carbon 12 to date old things like rocks from volcanoes

A

False - need to use Carbon 14 which is radioactive

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21
Q

T/F - Potassium 40 and Calcium 40 are isotopoes

A

False - Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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22
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the 2nd shell?

A
  1. First shell can hold a max of 2, the second shell can hold a max of 18 and fourth shell can hold a max of 32
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23
Q

What are the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th shells?

A

1st - 2
2nd - 8
3rd - 18
4th - 32

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24
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell, if it is the most outside shell?

A

8

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25
Q

What is the most electrons any outside shell can hold if it is not the first shell

A

8

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26
Q

What is the desire of every atom?

A

To have a full outer shell (2 in the first shell, 8 in all of the rest)

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27
Q

How many outer shell electrons are in Lithium?

A

1

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28
Q

How many outer shell electrons are in Carbon?

A

4

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29
Q

How many valence electrons are in Iodine?

A

7

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30
Q

Which chemical family doesn’t like to react with any other elements?

A

Nobel gases

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31
Q

Which of these is a characteristic property of metals?

a. bendable
b. good conductor of heat
c. good conductors of electricity
d. all of the above

A

D

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32
Q

Which type of elements hold their electrons tightly

A

Non-metals

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33
Q

What is the latin name of Iron?

A

Ferrum

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34
Q

T/F - When Carbon 14 decays and gives off a beta particle it then becomes a Nitrogen 14 atom

A

True

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35
Q

This particle comes from a neutron that decays

A

Beta particle

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36
Q

What force tries to blast the nucleus apart?

A

Electromagnetism

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37
Q

What force holds the nucleus together?

A

Strong nuclear force

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38
Q

Which type of radiation is given off by Mercury 206? (look at decay chart)

A

Beta particle

39
Q

What force holds neutrons together?

A

Weak nuclear force

40
Q

If an atom loses an Alpha Particle, does its atomic # go up or down? (look at the decay chart)

A

Down by 2

41
Q

T/F - Radon is dangerous for you. When it decays it shoots off Beta particles (look at the decay chart)

A

False - shoots off alpha particles

42
Q

Suppose that you start with a Radon 222 atom and it loses 3 Alpha Particles and 4 Beta Particles. What element do you have now? (look at the decay chart)

A

Polonium 210

43
Q

Suppose that you start out with 5120 grams of Bismuth 214. How much would you have after 200 minutes? Look on the decay chain chart for clues

A

5 grams. Bismuth 214 has a half life of 20 minutes. 200 is the same as 10 half lives. So divide 5120 in half 10 times.

44
Q

What are the three subatomic particles? Where are they located?

A

Protons - nucleus
Neutrons - nucleus
Electrons - electron shells

45
Q

Proton, neutron, electron - which has the most mass

A

Proton and neutron have the most mass (about 2000x the mass of an electron)

46
Q

What are the charges of the proton, neutron, electron?

A

Protons +
Electrons -
Neutrons are neutral

47
Q

Are atoms small or large

A

Very small

48
Q

Atoms are made up of almost entirely of what?

A

Empty space

49
Q

What did Democritus contribute?

A

First person to come up with the concept of an indivisible “atom”

50
Q

What did John Dalton discover?

A

He came up with atomic theory.

51
Q

What are the 4 points from John Dalton’s atomic theory?

A

(1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible
(2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
(3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
(4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.

52
Q

What did Avogadro contribute?

A

He came up with the idea of Avogadro’s # - 6.02 x 10(23) - the measurement we call a mole. He also came up with the concept of a molecule

53
Q

What did Marie Curie discover

A

She discovered radium and polonium and won the first Nobel Prize awarded to a woman

54
Q

What did Einstein contribute

A

Discovered the famous equation E=mc2. Says that every mass has energy in it.

Energy = (mass)(speed of light)2

55
Q

What did Thomson discover

A

Discovered the electron

Also discovered the cathode ray tube which we used in televisions/computer monitors

56
Q

What did Rutherford discover

A

Famous experiment where he shot alpha particles through a thin sheet of gold. They almost all went straight through showing that the atom is mostly empty space and that the nucleus is very small and positive

57
Q

What did Erico Fermi discover

A

First person to create a controlled nuclear reaction

58
Q

What did Boher contribute

A

Bohr came up with our modern model of the atom that has energy levels, etc.

59
Q

What did Mendeleev contribute

A

Came up with the first perodic table. He placed all of the elements on the table by increasing mass, but he also put them in families with similar characteristic properties. It didn’t have all of the elements on it so there were lots of open spaces. Scientists then began looking for the missing elements and discovered many of them

60
Q

What does the atomic number signify?

A

Atomic number shows the number of protons in each element

61
Q

Does each element have its own atomic number

A

Yes - it is what makes an element an element

62
Q

Can you have element number 89.5?

A

No - can’t have half of a proton

63
Q

What does atomic mass tell you? Why is mass of electrons not included?

A

Atomic mass is the number of proton+neutrons.

In this class, not considering mass of electrons because they are so small

64
Q

What are isotopes? What does prefix “iso” mean?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons.

Iso means “equal”

65
Q

Why is the atomic mass that is listed on the periodic table always have a decimal answer instead of a whole number?

A

The atomic mass on the periodic table is an average of all of the occurrence of the isotopes in nature.

66
Q

How many neutrons are in Carbon 14

A

8 neutrons

67
Q

How many neutrons are in Uranium 238?

A

146 neutrons

68
Q

How many neutrons are in Uranium 235?

A

143 neutrons (isotope of uranium used in one of the first atomic bombs)

69
Q

What holds the nucleus together?

A

Strong nuclear forces

70
Q

What tries to blast the nucleus apart?

A

Electromagnetism (from all the + protons)

71
Q

How many electrons are possible in the first four shells?

A

2, 8, 18, 32 electrons

72
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons possible in the outer shell of an atom?

A

Maximum number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom is 8

73
Q

What are valence electrons

A

Valence electrons are outer shell electrons

74
Q

Why can reactions take place so fast?

A

Electromagnetic force attracts atoms together

75
Q

What is a group or a family

A

Columns on a periodic table. All of the elements have similar properties

76
Q

What is a period?

A

A period on a periodic table is a row that goes across the table and swings from petals to nonmetals.

Called a period because they were relating this “swing” to a pendulum

77
Q

How are metals different from nonmetals?

A

Metals - shiny, malleable, conduct electricity and conduct heat

Metals hold their electrons loosely that is why they are good at sharing. Nonmetals do not

78
Q

How many valence electrons are in oxygen?

A

6

79
Q

How many valence electrons are in calcium?

A

2

80
Q

How many valence electrons are in neon? What type of gas is neon?

A
  1. Noble gas, which means it does not react with anything
81
Q

What outer shell is being filled in a sodium atom

A

Third shell (period)

82
Q

Why is the symbol for gold Au? What is the symbols for copper, iron, lead?

A

Gold - Au - Aurum
Copper - Cu - Cuprium
Iron - Fe - Ferrum
Lead - Pb - Plumbum

83
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

An alpha particle is a nucleus of a helium atom

84
Q

Where does helium come from?

A

Helium comes from radioactive decay every time that a radioactiver elements sends out an alpha particle

85
Q

How does discharging an alpha particle change the atomic number?

A

Every time that an alpha particle is given off by the nucleus of an atom, the atomic number drops by two

86
Q

Can alpha particles penetrate very much?

A

No, alpha particles are big slow moving particles. They can’t go through the layer of dead skin on your hand. They can damage you if you inhale or ingest them, which is why Radon gas is dangerouos

87
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

A beta particle is an electron that has been ejected from the nucleus of an atom when a neutron decays. As the neutron decays it turns into a proton and an electron

88
Q

What force controls a beta particle?

A

The Weak Nuclear Force holds the neutron together, when it fails you get beta particle radiation

89
Q

How does beta particle radiation change the atomic number?

A

Since the atom now has an extra proton the atomic number goes up by one

90
Q

Can beta particles penetrate very much?

A

Yes - they are small and have high velocity so they can penetrate pretty far and can do some damage

91
Q

Where was helium first discovered?

A

Helium was first discovered on the sun as we studied its light. In fact “helios” means “sun” in Greek

92
Q

What does all uranium eventually turn into?

A

Lead

93
Q

Why are the largest elements like Uranium always radioactive?

A

They have so many neutrons and protons that the nucleus becomes large and the strong nuclear force has trouble holding all of them together

Science 8 - WCS (1 decks)

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