Physical Science Flashcards
Comet composition?
Ice, dust, organic material
Asteroid composition?
Rock and metal
Asteroid Belt
Kuniper Belt, most asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter
Fragment of asteroid
Meteoroids, burns up in earths atmosphere
What is mass?
measure of an objects resistance to movement
Force equation?
F=M (mass) *A (acceleration)
Velocity definition?
Displacement over time (V= D / T)
Acceleration definition?
Change in velocity over time.
Feet per mile?
5280 feet
Feet per meter?
3.2808399
Momentum equation?
M (momentum) = M (Mass) * V (Velocity)
Kinetic energy?
The faster an object is moving, the more kinetic energy it possesses.
Potential energy?
KP (Potential Energy) = M (mass) * G (gravitational acceleration) * H (height)
Chemical energy?
Energy inside molecules and their bonds
Work definition?
When a force has been applied to an object and the object moves some distance. W (work) = F (force) * D (distance). Work is measured in Joules.
Power definition?
The rate at which work is performed. Usually measured as Joules per second (J/s).
Mechanical advantage equation?
MA (mechanical advantage) = Fb (force produced) * Fa (Force applied)
What happens if effort arm is longer than resistance arm?
Less force can be applied to lift the object.
What is a Proton, Neutron, and Electron?
A proton is a positively charged unit that has a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (1 amu), where a neutron is a non-charged unit that also has a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (1 amu) and an electron is a negatively charged unit with a mass of approximately 0.0005 amu
How does a charge occur?
When there is a excess of electrons (negative charge) or shortage of electrons (positive charge). Two positive charges repel each other, two negative charges repel each other, while one positive and one negative attract each other.
When does lightening occur?
When there is a very large charge imbalance between the air (negative) and ground (positive).
What is a resistor?
Component made of material that is difficult for electrons to pass through. Resistors reduce the rate at which electrons flow through a circuit. As a result, resistors can change the voltage and current in a circuit.
What is a capacitor?
Component made up of two parallel plates with a dielectric (non-conducting) material sandwiched between two plates. Capacitors are capable of accumulating charge. A charged capacitor can be used to modulate the amount of current in a circuit or to store electrons for later use.
What is a transistor?
Semiconductor component that can hold information. Typically operate as a kind of switch, turning off or on in response to the flow of current.
What is a inductor?
A component that is able to store voltage as a magnetic field. As electrons pass through an inductor or coil, a magnetic field is generated.
What is a diode?
Two-terminal component that possesses high resistance in one terminal and low resistance in the other. Used to translate AC to DC and vice versa.
What is voltage?
Potential difference between the start and end of a circuit. Form of potential energy.
What is current?
The flow of electrons, the greater the current, the greater the flow of electrons.
What is Ohms law?
V (voltage) = I (current) * R (resistance)
What is an insulator?
A material that does not have charge ability.
Where is the atomic number located? What is it?
Upper right corner of the elements square. It is the protons + neutrons. Each weigh 1 amu.
What is an S-shell?
Hold two electrons, and each electron has circular orbit.
What is a P-shell?
Holds six electrons, and each electron has double elliptical orbit.
What is a D-shell?
Holds ten electrons and each electron has quadruple elliptical orbit.
What is electronnegativity?
The chemical property that describes the tendency or an atom or molecule to attract electrons toward itself?
What is a compound?
When atoms of two or more different elements are bonded together.
Ionic vs. covalent bond?
In a ionic bond, one or more electrons are stripped away from one atom by another atom, resulting in a positive charge on one atom (a cation) and a negative charge on another atom (a anion). In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms, such that both atoms are able to fill their valence shell of electrons as much as possible.
