Physical properties related to structure and bonding

Question 1

What are metallic lattices?

Answer 1

Composed of regular arrangement of positive metal ions surrounded by delocalised electrons

Question 2

What are the properties of giant metallic lattices?

Answer 2

High melting and boiling temps
Good electrical conductivity
Good thermal conductivity
Malleability
Ductility

Question 3

What are giant ionic lattices?

Answer 3

Composed of regular arrangement of positive and negative ions

Question 4

What are the properties of giant ionic lattices?

Answer 4

Fairly high melting temp
Brittle
Poor electrical conductivity when solid, good when molten
Soluble in water

Question 5

What are giant covalent lattices? What are the four most common?

Answer 5

Giant network of atoms linked to each other by covalent bonds.
Diamond
Graphite
Graphene
Silicon (IV) oxide

Question 6

Describe the structure and properties of diamond (giant covalent lattice)

Answer 6

Each carbon atom forms four sigma bonds to four other carbon atoms. Three dimensional tetrahedral arrangement. All bond angles are 109.5. Extremely hard because strong C-C bonding. High melting temp because great number of strong C-C bonds must be broken in order to melt - requires large amount of hear energy

Question 7

Describe the structure and properties of graphite (giant covalent lattice)

Answer 7

Layered structure. Each carbon atom bonded to three others by sigma bonds, forms interlocking hexagonal rings. Has cloud of delocalised electrons above and below plane of the rings. Can be used as solid lubricant since layers slide over one another. Fairly good conductor of electricity - delocalised electrons between layers free to move under influence of potential difference. High melting temperature (same reason as diamond)

Question 8

Describe the structure and properties of graphene (giant covalent lattice)

Answer 8

Pure carbon in the form of very thin sheet (one atom thick). Carbon bonded in exact same way as in graphite.

Question 9

What are two common solid molecular lattices?

Answer 9

Iodine and ice

Question 10

Describe the structure and properties of iodine (solid molecular lattice)

Answer 10

Iodine is a diatomic molecule. Molecules arranged in regular pattern. Iodine molecules held together by London forces. Low melting and boiling points - little energy required to break weak intermolecular forces. Polymers have higher melting temps than monomers

Question 11

Structure and properties comparison

Answer 11

on paper