Physical Intervention Flashcards
Mock exams
What is ABD stand for?
Acute behavioural disturbance
Signs of acute behavioural disturbance
High temperature (hot to touch) Bizarre behaviour Vomiting Paranoia Violent behaviour Confused Excessive strength Increased heart rate
Name some individual factors
Age
Size
Weight
Physical injuries
What is Positional asphyxia
Positional asphyxia is death from restraint putting pressure on the torso there for the subject has difficulty breathing and causes death or permanent brain damage
What is psychosis
Psychosis can be the result of an underlying mental illness or may be drug induced
Signs of psychosis
Signs of psychosis include
Hallucinations
Paranoia
Exreame fear
Name situational factors
Setting and location of constraints and risks
(Open, crowded, confined spaces)
Environmental hazards ( rain snow ice floor surface)
Number of staff
What is Trespass
Being on someone else’s property without consent
Physical intervention should only used
Only as Last resort
What are primary controls
employer policies and procedures
Radios, cctv ,access controls
What is secondary controls
Conflict management techniques and Teamwork used to try to de-escalate situations and reduce the use of the physical intervention
What is physical intervention
The use of direct or indirect force through mechanical means (handcuffs etc) or bodily contact
What is a non-restrictive intervention
Subject could move away I.e a breakaway or non-restrictive escort
Why should you use physical intervention as last resort
Increased risk of injury
Can result in legal proceedings
Can lead to loss of sia licence and employment
What is defensive physical skills
Skills used to protect yourself or others from an assault
What does the law say about the use of physical force
All force must be reasonable
Reasonable =necessary and proportionate
Physical force can be used to defend yourself
What is excited delirium also know as
Acute behavioural disturbance (ABD)
What is dynamic risk assessment
Continuously monitoring the levels of risk faced by all parties involved and adapt accordingly
Following a violent incident staff may require professional help under health and safety who should provide this
The work place
Why is it important to maintain physical intervention skills and knowledge
Skills fade and proficiency deteriorates over time which decrease effectiveness and increase risk
Legislation can change
the security industry authority recommend the physical Intervention Training be
Non-aggressive
Non-restrictive
Low-level
Non-pain complaint
(TACT) what does c stand for
Consider your options
(TACT) what does A stand for
Assess the situation
(TACT) what does both T’s stand for
Think safety first
Take action
What does SEW stand for
S subjects
E environment
W weapons
SAFER what is S stand for
Step back
SAFER what does A stand for
Assess threat
SAFER what does F stand for
Find help
SAFER what does E stand for
Evaluate options
SAFER what does R stand for
Respond
POPS what does P stand for
Person in the thick of conflict
POPS what does O stand for
Objects
POPS what does Second P stand for
Place
In POPS what does S stand for
Situational factors
What will happen if the subject is face down in a prone position in a restraint for long periods of time
Positional asphyxia
Before doing physical intervention what options should you consider
Primary
Cctv radio access controls
Secondary
Conflict management techniques
What is a restrictive intervention
Involves more force in order to control a customer and remove their ability to easily move away
What do you need to consider when physical intervention goes to the ground
Avoid going to ground if possible
Get off the ground as quickly as possible
While on the ground, monitor the restrained to ensure their breathing is not compromised
De-escalate force at the earliest opportunity
Name some risks with dealing physical restraints on the ground
Vulnerability to assault from others
Glass or debris
Impact injuries
Death and serious injury from ground restraint
Name some vulnerable groups
Children and young people
Older adults
Individual with mental health issues
What happens in a debrief
All staff should be involved
Identify what they did well
Identify what they could do better
Do anyone need any further training
Review any cctv footage
Feedback to all staff
Why do security have to do report writing
If you have to use force, it is a requirement that the incident is fully recorded.
It will assist you in any legal matters that may arise later.
Protects the organisation.
Protects the individual.
How to support colleagues during physical intervention
Switching with colleagues when appropriate
Monitor staff safety
Observe the person restrained and inform colleagues of any concerns
Staff responsibilities immediately after physical intervention
Duty of care to the individual
Appropriate medical attention is provided
Staff involved must fully report and account individually for their actions
Actions in a medical emergency
Check ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
Placing in recovery position
Calling appropriate emergency services
Commencing cpr/defibrillator
Clear the immediate bystanders
Why is it important to reflect and learn from incidents
Try and reduce situations needed physical intervention
Manage situations more safety
Review personal and team skills
Some effects of positional or restraint asphyxia
Inability or difficulty in breathing
Feeling sick or being sick
Developing swelling to the face and neck
Developing pinpoint sized haemorrhage (small blood spots) head neck chest areas
Typical positions that can lead to positional asphyxia in restraints are
Restrictions of the chest wall
Impairment of the diaphragm
Pressure to the area of the neck
Know risk factors for positional asphyxia
Anything that increases the body’s demand for oxygen
Any restriction of or pressure to the neck, chest or abdomen
Significant overweight or obesity
Intoxicated (alcohol or drugs)
Recent head injury or other injuries
Presence of an excited delirium
What actions to take upon suspecting asphyxiation
Immediately release, slacken or modify the restraint as far as possible to effect the immediate reduction in the body wall restriction
Summon urgent medical assistance and provide appropriate first aid/cpr
Why should security use force as last resort
Increased chance of harm
Why should security staff write a report after an incident
It may assist in any legal matters that could arise later
What should security do following an incident where physical intervention has been used
Brief the police or emergency services in attendance
Name the 2 basic types of risk assessment
Dynamic (changing)
Static (still/unchanging)
Name 2 of the threat assessments
P.O.P.S
people-object-place
S.A.F.E.R
step back-assess threat-find help
-evaluate options-reapond
Name2 types of human responses
Rational -thinking calm
Emotional -instinctive
Name some defusing conflict techniques
Don’t get angry
Manage the abuse
Maintain a positive attitude
Be assertive
S.P.A.C.E
what does it stand for
STANCE POSITIVE ATTITUDE ACTIVE LISTENING COMFORTABLE DISTANCE EXIT ROUTE
Name some common causes of conflict
Drugs and alcohol Stress Frustration Jealousy Discrimination Relationships Embarrassment
Acute behavioural disturbance and psychosis can lead to
Sudden death
What other impact factors to consider when using physical intervention
Age size weight Physical health Mental health Physical exhaustion Pre-existing medical conditions Recent investigation of food
When people are fighting what risk assessment should be carried out
Use dynamic risk assessment
How many involved
Are they carrying or using weapons
Physical intervention is normally only used to
Protect someone from a dangerous situation
Break away or disengage from harmful contact
Separate a person from a ‘trigger’ which is likely to set offa course of events
