Physical growth and development Flashcards
What does rooting mean?
An instinctive search for the breast
What does the term neonate mean?
A newborn baby ages up to one month
What is a primitive reflex?
Automatic responses to stimuli.
What does the word congenital mean?
Anything present at birth.
What is an APGAR score?
A measurement of vital signs in a newborn.
What is the name of the soft downy hair which covers the skin in the womb?
Lanugo.
What is mila?
Tiny white spots.
Name the creamy substance that protects the skin in the womb…
Vernix caseos.
What is the name given to a baby born before 37 weeks gestation?
Pre-term.
What does the word gestation mean?
The time a baby develops in the womb.
What is the name given to a baby born at around 40weeks?
Full term.
What does small-for-date mean?
A baby born full term but lighter than average.
What does SIDS stand for?
Sudden infant death syndrome.
What is SIDS?
(Sudden infant death syndrome) when a baby dies suddenly for no apparent reason.
What is colic?
A painful condition in the gut.
How long does colic last?
It occurs at the same time each day and can last several months.
Name the key term…a gradual increase in size.
Growth
Name the key term…increasing abilities, skills and understanding
Development
What are developmental milestones?
The stages of development which all children pass through in a similar sequence
What is developmental testing?
Checks made on babies and young children at specific ages to monitor progress and see that they’re developing as expected
What is sensory development?
The use of the body’s five main senses to explore and learn.
What is the term used….where different things rely upon each other to succeed.
Interdependent
What are involuntary reflex actions?
Automatic responses, seen in babies in the earliest days and weeks
Name the three types of grasps
Palmar grasp
Pincer grasp
Tripod grasp
Describe a primitive grasp
A clumsy grasp of crayons etc.
What is cot death?
The sudden and unexplained death of a baby
What is the soft spot on the top if the baby’s head called?
Fontanelle
What is jaundice?
A yellowness of the skin and eyes due to the immunity of a newborn baby’s liver
What is the name of the naval where the umbilical cord is attached?
Umbilicus
Name four routine examinations on newborns and their reasons for it.
Eyes - any infection or visual problems.
Mouth - checking for a cleft palate. (roof of mouth properly formed)
Heart - any abnormal heart sounds.
Hips - checking for any dislocations of the hips.
At around six days old the baby’s blood is checked for conditions; name three….
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Hypothyroidism
Cystic fibrosis
What is phenylketonuria?
A very rare condition that affects the baby’s ability to digest milk. If it is not treated it can lead to learning difficulties
What is hypothyroidism?
A rare condition that affects the babies growth and development and if untreated lead to learning difficulties
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at birth?
Gross - walking reflex, no head control
Fine - grasp reflex, fists clenched
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 3 months?
Gross - some head control, kicks legs strongly
Fine - plays with hands, holds an object for a short time
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 6 months?
Gross - sits with some support, rolls over
Fine - grasps objects with the palmar grasp, puts objects in mouth
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 9 months?
Gross - pulls up to standing, sits with support, may start to crawl
Fine- uses pincer grasp
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 1 year?
Gross - more mobile, may walk with help, stands alone
Fine - points with index finger, claps hands together
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 18 months?
Gross - walks alone, walks upstairs two feet per step
Fine - feeds self with a spoon, builds a tower of three blocks
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 2-3 years?
Gross - throws/kicks ball, runs, walks upstairs
Fine - turns pages of a book, uses tripod grasp
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 4 years?
Gross - pedals a tricycle, runs on tiptoes
Fine - threads small beads, builds tower of 10 blocks
What are the gross/ fine motor skills at 5 years?
Gross - hops and skips, dances with rhythm
Fine - uses a knife and fork, fastens/unfastens buttons
Most children indicate their toilets needs between what ages?
18 months and 2 years and by 5years most are toilet trained
What is a cross-infection?
Becoming infected with something that originates from a source other than the person themselves
What’s topping and tailing?
Washing baby’s face, hands, bottom and genital areas
What is the British standards kitemark?
The official mark of quality and reliability (in the form of a kit symbol) of the British standards institute
What is a hazard?
A source of danger
Name six accidents that can happen in the house…
Falling, cuts, electrocution, scalds/burns, poisoning, drowning
How to prevent falling in the home?
Use safety gates on stairs, use window catches, use harnesses in highchairs/ pushchairs.
How to prevent cuts in the home?
Store knives and sharp tools in safe place, use safety glass or shatterproof film on doors and windows
How to prevent electrocution in the home?
Use socket covers, keep electrical items out of reach or check safety of the equipment
How to prevent scalds/burns in the home?
Check temperature of bath before washing, closely supervise children in kitchen
