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Grade 9 Geography > Physical geography - landforms + plate techtonics 2 > Flashcards

Physical geography - landforms + plate techtonics 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main landforms in Canada?

A

Canadian Shield, Highlands, Lowlands

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2
Q

What is the biggest landform area in Canada?

A

The Canadian Shield

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3
Q

What rock (s) does the Canadian shield mostly consist of?

A

Igneous and Metamorphic

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4
Q

What landform is called the storehouse of Canada’s metallic minerals?

A

Canadian Shield

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5
Q

What are the three highland areas in Canada?

A

Innuitian, Appalachian, and Western Cordillera

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6
Q

Where are the appalachian mountains?

A

The east coast; Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland

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7
Q

Where is the innuitian mountains?

A

In the arctic region of Canada; Nunavut, NWT

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8
Q

Where are the Western Cordillera mountains?

A

The west coast; B.C

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9
Q

What are the oldest mountains in Canada and when were they formed?

A

Appalachian mountains formed at the end of the Palozoic era

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10
Q

What are the Appalachians rich in?

A

Coal, Zinc, Iron

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11
Q

What are the youngest mountains in Canada?

A

The western cordillera

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12
Q

Why is the Canadian shield sometimes called the Precambrian shield?

A

Because it formed during the Precambrian era

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13
Q

When did the Innuitian mountains form and what rock are they mostly made up of?

A

Mesozoic era; Sedimentary rock

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14
Q

Name the 4 time periods from earliest to most recent:

A

Precambrian, Paleozotic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

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15
Q

Why can’t you extract minerals from the Innuitian mountains?

A

Because the area is too rural and covered in ice

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16
Q

What are the three lowland areas?

A
  1. Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
  2. Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands
  3. Interior Plains
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17
Q

Where are the GL - St. LL?

A

They are located in Southern Ontario

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18
Q

How was the GL - St. LL formed and why is it good for farming?

A

By glaciers that deposited soil, sand, and gravel that made the ground fertile (rolling hills)

19
Q

Where are the Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands?

A

The South West shore of Hudson Bay

20
Q

Where are the Interior Plains?

A

In the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba (down through the US)

21
Q

What is the Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands like?

A

Flat - low areas with swampy forests

22
Q

What did the interior plains used to be like?

A

Used to be covered with shallow glacier meltwater that deposited sediments

23
Q

What is Canada’s breadbasket and why is it called that?

A

The interior plains are called that because wheat, grain, canola, oil, and gas are there

24
Q

Who was the scientist that first suggested the idea of continential drift?

A

Alfred Wegener

25
Q

When did all the land masses collide to form Pangaea?

A

300 Million years ago

26
Q

What is continential drift?

A

The idea that techtonic plates are spreading apart and taking the continents with them

27
Q

How are the plates drifting?

A

They drift because of the convection currents inside the earth that are rising (because of uneven temperatures) and forcing the plates apart

28
Q

What is a trench?

A

Two colliding plates after the heavier one subducts

29
Q

What is a ridge?

A

The area that is made when magma rises when the seafloor spreads

30
Q

What are the 4 pieces of evidence that Alfred Wegener used to prove his theory?

A
  1. Jigsaw puzzle 2. Ice sheets
  2. Fossils 4. Coastal mountains
31
Q

Why didn’t the other scientists believe Alfred?

A

Because they didn’t believe there was a force strong enough to pull apart plates

32
Q

What is converging, diverging, and subducting?

A

Converging - the plates colliding
Diverging - the plates pulling apart
Subducting - the heavier plate going underneath the lighter one when they collide

33
Q

What are the three main types of rock?

A

Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary

34
Q

How is each rock formed?

A

Igneous - melting and cooling
Metamorphic - heat and pressure
Sedimentary - weathering, erosion, deposition, and compression

35
Q

What is an example of each type of rock?

A

Igneous : Granite
Metamorphic : Gneiss
Sedimentary : Limestone

36
Q

How do you go from sediments to sedimentary rock?

A

Compression

37
Q

How do you go from metamorphic rock to sediments?

A

Weathering, erosion, deposition

38
Q

How do you go from sedimentary rock to metamorphic?

A

heat and pressure

39
Q

How do you go from metamorphic to magma to igneous?

A

melting then cooling

40
Q

What are the three parts of western cordillera?

A

The coastal mountains, interior plateaus, and columbia / rocky mountains

41
Q

What are the three parts of the interior plains?

A

Alberta plain, Saskatchewan plain, and the Manitoba lowland

42
Q

Why are the mountains in western cordillera smoother than the appalachian mountains?

A

Because the mountains in western cordillera are younger, therefore they have had less time to erode

43
Q

How do volcanoes form?

A

They form as magma rises through cracks in the earth and rests on the surface. The nearby techtonic plates contribute to how much the volcanoe erupts

Grade 9 Geography (1 decks)

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