Physical Geography: India Flashcards
Important National Parks in J&K
Deosai, Kishtwar, Hemis
Important mountain ranges & peaks of J&K
Karakoram, Ladakh, Pangi, Zanskar, Pir Panjal, Himalaya
K2 (8611m), Nanga Parbat (8126m), Gasherbrum I, Gasherbrum II, Golden Throne,
Important rivers, lakes, & Ramsar Wetlands of Himachal Pradesh
Chenab, Zaskar, Spiti, Satlug>Govind Sagar, Beas>Pong Reservoir (RW), Ravi,
RW: Chandertal, Pong Dam, Renuka
National Parks & Ramsar Wetlands (RW) etc @ Himachal Pradesh
Cold Desert BR; ***Great Himalayan NP+WHS; WS: Kufri, Rupi Bhawa, Renuka (+RW), Sagar; Chandertal RW, Pong Dam RW
Important rivers, lakes, & Ramsar Wetlands (RW) of Jammu & Kashmir
Rivers: Indus, Kishen Ganga, Jhelum, Chenab, Tawi, Chip chap/Shyok, Zanskar
Lakes: Wular (RW), Dal, Tso Morari (RW), Pangong Tso
RW: Hokera, Surinsar Mansar
National Parks etc @Uttarakhand
**Valley of Flowers NP+WHS+BS; **Nanda Devi NP+WHS+BR; (Jim) Corbett BS; Rajaji NP+WS
Important rivers @ Uttarakhand
Yamuna, Tons, Ganga, Alakhnanda, Bhagirathi, Ramganga, Goriganga, Kaliganga (S-E border with Nepal), Mandakini, Sarswati, Lakshmanganga, Vasukiganga
Important mountain peaks of Uttarakhand
Nanda Devi, Kamet, Bandarpynch, Shrikanta, Chaukhamba
Important rivers of Uttar Pradesh
Yamuna, Ganga, Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghra, Gandhak, Son, Betwa, Sai, Dubari
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ UP
Rajaji (shared with Uttarakhand), Dudwa (TR), Katernaighat, Sohagbarwa, Chandraprabha, Ranipur (WS), Upper Ganga (RW)
Important rivers of Bihar
Ganga, Ghaghra, Gandhak, Burhi Gandhak, Bhaghmati, Karcha, Kosinski, Ghugri, Konkai, Mahananda, Son, Punpun, Phalgu, Dhadhar, Badua
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Bihar
Valmiki (Tiger Reserve), Bhimbandh, Kaimur (WS)
What is Ramsar Convetion on Wetlands? How many sites does India have under RCWs?
> The RCW took place in 1971, RAMSAR, IRAN.
It provides framework for national & international action & cooperation for the CONSERVATION & WISE USE of WETLANDS & their RESOURCES, & achieving SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
> India has 25 Ramsar sites
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Sikkim
Khangchendzonga NP+BR (Biosphere Reserve), Sikkim is a Biodiversity Hotspot
Important mountain peaks @Sikkim
Kanchenjunga (8586m) is 3rd Highest peak in the world @ Sikkim-Nepal border
Important rivers and lakes of Sikkim
Rivers: Teesta , Rangeet (N>S)
Lakes: Tsomgo, Khecheopalri
Important rivers of Arunachal Pradesh
Kameng, Subansiri, Brahmaputra, Dibang/Dihang/Siang, Lohit (N>S)
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Arunachal Pradesh
Pakke Tiger Reserve; Dibang, Mouling, Namdapha National Parks; Arunachal Pradesh is a Biodiversity Hotspot
Important rivers of Assam
Tongsa > Kameng > Subansiri (N>S) > BRAHMAPUTRA (E>W)
Important rivers of Nagaland
Doyang, Dikhu, Dhansiri (E>W>Brahmaputra); Tizu (W>E); Milak etc
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Assam
Manas WS+BS+BR+WHS; Sonai-Rupai WS; Nameri NP; Dibru Saikhowa NP; Kaziranga NP; Deepor Ramsar Wetland; Most of the northern Assam is a Biodiversity Hotspot
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Nagaland
Fakim WS
Important rivers of Manipur
Barak, Imphal, Iril, Surma, Surma-Megna (E>W)
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Manipur
Siroy NP; Kaibul Lamjao WS; Loktak Lake (Ramsar Wetland)
Important rivers of Mizoram
Tlawng, Tlau, Chhimtuipui/Koladyne (SE>NW)
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Mizoram
Murlen WS; Dampa Tiger Reserve; Blue Mountain NP; Khawnglung WS
Major rivers of Tripura
Burima, Gomati, Khowai, Howrah, Longai, Dhalai, Muhuri, Feni, Juri, Manu
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Tripura
Trishna WS; Rudrasagar (Ramsar wetland)
Major rivers of Meghalaya
Daring, Sanda, Bandra, Bhogai, Dareng, Simsang, Nitai, and Bhupai
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Meghalaya
Nokrek NP+BR; Balpakram NP; Nongkhyllem WS; Cherrapunji-Mawsynram Reserve Forest
Important rivers of West Bengal
Ganga, Damodar (NW>SE), Hugli, Teesta, Mahananda, Amo, Mayurkashi (N>S), Subarnarekha
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ West Bengal
Sundarbans NP+TR+BR+WHS (spread across East into Bangladesh, together constituting a World Heritage Site+Biodiversity Hotspot) ; Jaldapara WS; Neora Valley NP; Mahananda NP; Jorpokhri NP; Rmanabagan WS
Major rivers, lakes, dams of Odisha
Rivers: Mahanadi (W>E); Baitarani; Brahmani (N>S); Subernarekha; Burhabalinga; Tel, Suktel, Hatti, Prachi, Salandi etc
Dams: Hirakud, Balimila reservoir; Chilka Lake
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Odisha
Chilka lake WS+BR+Ramsar Wetland, Similipal TR+BR, Ushakothi WS, Bhittarkanika WS+Ramsar wetland, Nandankanan WS, Karlapat WS;
Major rivers & lakes of Andhra Pradesh
Rivers: Godavari (+Telangana), Krishna (+T), Penneru, Mushi(+T), Kunneru, Papagni
Lakes: Kolleru, Nagarjuna Sagar (shared between Telangana & AP), Lake Pulicat
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Andhra Pradesh
Papikonda, Coringa, Kolleru (RW), Sri Venkateswara WS; Sidhachalam Hills BR
Major rivers & lakes of Telangana
Godavari, Krishna; Bhima, Manjra, Mushi
Nizam sagar, Nagarjuna sagar
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Telangana
Kawa BS+WS, Eturnagaram, Pakhal, Pocharam WS
Major rivers and lakes of Tamil Nadu
Palar, Kaveri/Kollidam, Vaigai, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar
Stanley, Bhavani Sagar
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Tamil Nadu
Guindy NP; Vedantangal, Kodikkarai WS; Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve; Indira Gandhi/Annamalai WS; Marine NP+BR @ Gulf of Mannar
Major rivers and lakes of Kerala
Periyar, Ponnani, Payaswani (E>W); Kabbani, Nugu (W>E)
Lake Vembanad, Periyar
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Kerala
(Periyar, Parambikulani, Silent valley NP; Wayanad, Mudumalai, Idukki WS; Nilgiri, Agasthyamalai BR)
+
(Vembanad-Kol, Sasthamkotta, Ashtamudi = Ramsar wetlands)
= Southern Western ghats = Biodiversity Hotspot
Important rivers and lakes of Karnataka
East flowing: Bhima, (Ghatprabha>Malaprabha>) Krishna, Tungabhadra, Manjra; Hagari (North flowing);
South-East flowing: Hemavati > Kabani > KAVERI
Tungabhadra reservoir, Linganamakki, Vanivilasa sagara, Krishnaraja sagara
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Karnataka
Anshi, Nagarnole, Bannerghatta NP; Ghataprabha, Dandeli, Ranebennur, Sharavathi, Muthodi, Ranganathittu WS; Bhadra, Bandipur Tiger Reserve; Western coast of Karnataka is a Biodiversity hotspot
Major rivers of Goa
(Flowing East to West) : Terekhol, Chapora, Baga, Mandovi, Zuari, Saleri, Talpona, Galgibag; (N>S) Sal
Salaulim Dam
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Goa
Bhagawan Mahavir and Mollem National Park is a protected area located in a western ghat
Hierarchy of rivers in Maharashtra
N>S
Pench > WAINGANGA > Pranhita
W>E Penganga Wardha Aran Pus
Purna Dudna Sewand GODAVARI Pravara Sindphana
MANJRA
Tirna
Sina
BHIMA
Nira
Man
Yerla
KRISHNA
Varna
W>E Sarya Vaitarna Ulhas Savitri Vashishti Jaigarh Kajali Panchganga Vedaganga Gad
Important lakes/dams @ Maharashtra
Lake Mulshi (near Pune); Shvaji sagar/Koyna reservoir (near Mahabaleshwar); Jaikwadi sagar/Nath sagar (Paithan near Aurangabad); Lake Andhra (near Lonavla); L Bhatnagar (Rajgarh Western MH)
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Maharashtra
Tadoba NP+TR (Chandrapur); Chandoli NP (Sangli); Navegaon NP (NE Maharashtra); Sanjay Gandhi NP (Borivali East, Mumbai); Melghat TR; Yaval WS; Karnal, Koyna, Chandoli, Radhanagari WS;
Western coast of Maharashtra is a part of Western Ghats and Biodiversity Hotspot
Major rivers and lakes of Gujarat
West Banas
Saraswati
SABARMATI ( N>S, originates @ Aravalli Range in Rajasthan and flows through Ahmedabad, discharging into Gulf of Khambhat)
Mahi (NE>SW)
E>W NARMADA Kim Tapi Ambika
Ukai Sagar
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Gujarat
Gir NP+WS (lions) , Vansda NP, Blackbuck NP, Narayan Sarovar WS, Kachchh BR, Wild Ass WS, Nal Sarovar WS+BS, Marine NP, Gulf of Kutchchh
Major rivers of Rajasthan
NE>SW flowing: Jawai > Bandi > LUNI Sabarmati (origin) Mahi West Banas
SW>NE
Berach > Khari > Mashi > Bandi > Morel > BANAS >
Gambhir > CHAMBAL
S>N
Kantla
Sabi
INDIRA GANDHI CANAL
Important lakes and Ramsar wetlands in Rajasthan
L Sambar (RW)
L Dhebar/Jaisamand
Rana Pratap Sagar
Keoladeo Ghana Ramsar Wetland
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Rajasthan
Ranthambore NP+TR, Keoladeo NP+BS+WHS, Sariska NP+TR, Desert NP, Sambar WS
Major rivers of Haryana
GHAGGAR, YAMUNA (along the eastern border)
National park of Haryana
Sultanpur NP+BS
Major rivers of Punjab and their relation to the name of the state
Punjab literally means “(The Land of) Five Waters”, referring to the following rivers:
Jhelum
Chenab
Ravi
Sutlej
Beas
All are tributaries of INDUS RIVER which flows west to east in northern J&K into Pakistan and
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Punjab
Harike WS+Ramsar Wetland, Abohar WS, Ropar Ramsar Wetland
Major rivers and lakes of Madhya Pradesh
East to west flowing:
> NARMADA (origin in Maikala Range, Southeast of MP, discharge in Gulf of Khambhat through southern Gujarat)
> Tapi
North > South
Wainganga
South > North Chambal Sipra (Ujjain) Parbati Kuno Kunwari Sind Betwa Ken South Tons Johilla
Lake Tawa
Lake Halali
Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar (on the eastern borders, shared with UP)
Gandhi Sagar (Northeast MP)
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Madhya Pradesh
Pench NP+WS+TR Kanha TR Bandhavgarh TR Panna TR+BR Van Vihar NP Madhav NP Sanjay NP Guru Ghasidas NP Satpura NP
Bhoj Ramsar Wetland
Gandhi Sagar
Major rivers of Chattisgarh
Kharlhara > Tandula > Seonath > MAHANADI (South to north to east) Pairi > Jonk > MAHANADI Hasdo (N>S) > MAHANADI Rihand (S>N) INDRAVATI (E>W) Sabari (N>S)
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Chattisgarh
Indravati NP+TR Kanger Ghati NP, Achanakmar-Amarkantak BR Gomarda WS Sitandi WS
Major rivers, lakes, and reservoirs of Jharkhand
GANGA (on the northeastern border with West Bengal) Damodar Subarnarekha Bansloi Sankh North Koel
Reservoirs: Tilaiya Balpahari Maithon Konar Bokaro Aiyar
National Parks (NPs), WSs, TRs, BSs, BRs, Ramsar Wetlands etc @ Jharkhand
Hazaribagh NP
Betla WS+TR
Dalma WS
What are the major mountain ranges of Jammu and Kashmir
Karakoram Ladakh Pangi Zanskar Pir Panjal
Where would you find Plains of Deosai?
Northwestern Jammu and Kashmir between Ladakh and Pangi range
Where does Aravalli mountain range lies?
Southern part of State of Rajasthan
Which state in India has Mandav Hills part of Kathiawar Peninsula?
Gujarat
Through how many (and which) states does Tropic of Cancer pass through in India
Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states: From west to east Gujarat Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Jharkhand West Bengal Tripura Mizoram
Which important mountain ranges lie in Madhya Pradesh?
Vindhya to North
Satpura to South
Maikala on the Easter border with Chhattisgarh
Which state has majority of the Ramgarh hills as a part of Hazaribagh Range?
Northern part of Chhattisgarh
How many states does the Dandakaranya ranges cover?
Dandakaranya ranges spread over 3states, out of which major portion lies in Southern Chhattisgarh and Odisha
In which state does the Chota Nagpur Plateau, Hazaribagh Plateau, and Rajmahal Hills lie?
Jharkhand
Which three hills constitute major area of the Meghalaya?
From west to east:
Garo
Khasi
Jaintia
Where does the Dafla and Mishmi Hills lie?
In Arunachal Pradesh: Dafla to the west and Mishmi to the East
In which state does Mikir Hills lie in India?
Eastern part of Assam
Mountain ranges and of Maharashtra
The Western Ghats or Sahyadri are a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the western coast of Indian Peninsula. Other mountain ranges are as follows:
• Satpura (some part in northern most region along MP)
• Ajanta (northwestern region)
• Satmala
• Balghat (Central to southeastern)
• Harishchandra
In which state does most of the Gawaligarh Hills lie?
Northern Maharashtra
In which state of India does Nandyal Valley and Nallamalai Hills lie?
Most of it is a part of common border of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh but Nallamalai Hills lies mostly in Andhra Pradesh
Locate Palkonda Range
Palkonda Range is located on the southern border of Andhra Pradesh with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Locate the highest mountain peak of Indian PENINSULA
ANAMUDI/Anai Mudai/Anai Mudi (literally means “elephants forehead”)(2695m) is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India; and also outside the Himalaya-Karakoram range.
• It’s located in KERALA along its northeastern border abutting Tamil Nadu
Locate largest fresh water lake in India
Largest fresh water lake (which is also largest in Asia) is WULAR LAKE, located in KASHMIR
Locate the largest saline water lake in India
CHILKA LAKE along the southeastern coast of Odisha
Locate largest man made lake in India
GOVIND VALLABH PANT SAGAR located at the southeastern foot of UTTAR PRADESH
Highest lake in India
DEVTAL LAKE, Gharwal, UTTARAKHAND
Highest peak in India
Karakoram-2 of K-2 (8611m)
Most populated city in India
Mumbai
Largest state in India by area
Rajasthan
Most populated state in India
Uttar Pradesh
Where does the highest rainfall occur in India
Cherrapunji (~1082cm/annum), Meghalaya
Locate the highest/tallest plunge waterfall in India
Nohkalikai Falls, Shora, near Cherrapunji, Meghalaya
State wise largest area under forest in India is in
Madhya Pradesh
Largest delta in India
Sunderbans delta, West Bengal
Longest river bridge in India
Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna, Bihar
Shortest NH in India
NH 47 (Ernakulam-Kochi), Kerala
Highest NH in India
NH 21 (Leh-Manali)
Longest NH in India
NH 7 (Srinagar-Kanyakumari)
Longest canal in India
Indira Gandhi/Rajasthan Canal, northwestern Rajasthan
Largest zoo in India
Zoological Garden at Alipur (Kolkata)
Longest dam in India
Hirakud Dam, Odisha
Highest dam in India
Tehri Dam, Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh
Largest district in India by area
Kutch District, Gujarat
Smallest district (by area) in India
Mahe, Puducherry
Smallest Union Territory in India by area
Lakshadweep (32sqkm)
State with a longest coast line in India
Gujarat
Highest railway station in India
Ghum, West Bengal
Longest tunnel in India
Jawahar Tunnel, Jammu and Kashmir
Smallest state by population in India
Sikkim
Smallest state by area in India
Goa
Most densely populated state in India
West Bengal
Largest port in India
Mumbai Port
Longest beach in India
Marina Beach, Chennai
Highest airport in India
Leh (Ladakh)
Largest river island in India
Majuli in Brahmaputra river in Assam
Largest inland salt lake in India
Sambar lake, Rajasthan
Name of India’s (and Asia’s) 1st Nuclear Reactor
APSARA @ Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) >located in Trombay, Mumbai
1st Oil refinery in India
Digboi, Assam, in 1901; Assam Oil Company was formed in 1899
Largest nuclear power plant in India, present and proposed.
At present, TARAPUR Atomic Power Station (TAPS), Maharashtra: Total capacity = 1400 MW, operated by NPCIL
The proposed JAITAPUR Nuclear Power Project, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra; with proposed 9900MW, will be the LARGEST NUCLEAR POWER GENERATING STATION IN THE WORLD by net electrical power rating
India’s 1st Nuclear Test
Pokhran-I : Operation Smiling Budhha on 18th May, 1974; in Pokhran Test Range, Rajasthan; Underground; Fission
Pokhran-II, 1998
Locate 1st uranium mine in India
Jaduguda, Jharkhand
Major industrial regions in India
There are 8 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGIONS:
- Mumbai-Pune
- Hugali
- Bangalore-Tamil Nadu
- Gujarat
- Chotanagpur
- Vishakhapatanam-Guntur
- Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut
- Kolfam-Tiruvanantapuram
Major industrial states in India
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Major iron ore reserves in Karnataka
Karnataka is leading producer of iron ore, exports (mainly to Iran) through Mangalore port:
Bababudan Hills: Chikmagalur District
Sandur Range: Bellary, Hospet districts
Major iron ore reserves in Odisha
Mayurbhanj/Badampahar
Banspani and Toda in Kendujhar
Tomka range in Cuttack
Boniagarh and Khandadhar Pahar in sundergarh
Sambalpur and Hirapur Hills of Koraput district
Major iron ore reserves in Chhattisgarh
Bailadila in Bastar District
Dali-Rajhara in Durg District
Major iron ore reserves in Goa
North Goa: Pirna-Adolepale-Asnora Sanquelim Onda Kundem-Surla Sirigao-Bicholim-Dalda
Exports through Marmagao port, mainly to Iran and Japan
Major iron ore reserves in Jharkhand
Singhbhum Bonai range Naomandi Daltenganj (Palamu District) Dhanbad Hazaribagh Ranchi Santhal Pargana
Which Indian state/UT is visited by the highest number of foreign tourist s?
Maharashtra* (2012-13)
In which state/UT you’ll find following Hill-stations:
Ooty/Udagamandalam, Kodaikkanal, Rameswaram
Tamil Nadu
In which state/UT you’ll find following Hill-stations:
Dalhousie, Manali, Kullu, Shimla?
Himachal Pradesh
In which state/UT you’ll find following Hill-stations:
Mussoorie, Almora, Nainital?
Uttarakhand
In which state/UT you’ll find following Hill-stations: Pachmarhi?
Madhya Pradesh
In which state/UT you’ll find following Hill-stations:
Kalimpang and Darjiling
West Bengal
IST is calculated on the basis of which place in India?
Shankargarh Fort, Mirzapur, Allahabad district, UP; 25.15N 82.58E, nearly on the corresponding longitudinal reference line.