Physical Geography Flashcards
Land use in coastal landscapes
Water sports - Beaches offer great spots for water sports like surfing, sailing, and swimming.
Coastal walks - Scenic features like stacks, dunes, and headlands attract tourists and walkers.
Offshore wind farms - use strong coastal winds to generate electricity.
Tidal power plants - captures energy from rising and falling tides using underwater turbines.
Fishing and aquaculture - are major coastal industries, supporting local economies.
Ports and shipping - are key for transport and trade, making coasts economic hubs.
Land use in glaciated landscapes
Walking and hiking – Glaciated features like corries and U-shaped valleys attract walkers and hikers to enjoy the scenery.
Winter sports – Snowy glaciated areas offer skiing and snowboarding, which bring tourists and boost local businesses.
Hydroelectric power (HEP) – Steep slopes and heavy rain make glaciated uplands ideal for building dams to generate electricity.
Wind farms – Open, high ground in glaciated areas is perfect for wind farms, producing clean, renewable energy.
Sheep farming – Steep, rocky land and poor soils are not good for crops but are ideal for sheep grazing.
Scenic drives – Glaciated landscapes offer beautiful views, encouraging tourists to visit by car, motorhome, or coach, boosting local tourism income.
Factors affecting UK weather
Nearer equator hotter - Latitude: places in southern England are warmer because they are nearer the
Equator (1)
More northen colder-temperatures generally decrease the further north you go because
the sun’s rays are less concentrated further away from the equator (1)
upland areas are colder - as temperatures decrease 10C for every
100 metres gained in height (1)
South facing slopes warmer - in the northern hemisphere south facing slopes can be warmer because
they face the sun (1).
oceans act as ‘thermal reservoirs’ (1)
North facing slopes are colder - shaded from the sun and are
therefore cooler (1).
Arete and pyramidal peak formation
- during the ice age snow collected in three or more hollows around a mountain
(1 mark) - the snow turned to ice and formed glaciers, which moved downhill due to
gravity (1 mark) - the glaciers eroded backwards towards each other removing rocks (1 mark)
using the processes of plucking and abrasion (1 mark) - plucking is when the ice freezes onto rocks on the side of the landscape and
when the ice moves, it rips the rocks out (1 mark) - abrasion is when rocks frozen in the base of the ice scour the landscape as the
glacier moves (1 mark) - these processes make corries on all sides of the mountain (1 mark) and as the
glaciers erode backwards into the mountain, the corries get bigger forming
sharp arêtes which meet at a pyramidal peak (1 mark)
U-Shaped valley formation
Snow compresses to ice and forms a glacier (1). The glacier uses the process
of plucking to steepen the sides of the valley (1). Plucking is when ice sticks
onto rocks at the sides of the valley and as the glacier moves downhill, it rips
the rocks out (1). Abrasion happens when rocks frozen into the base of the
glacier grind at the valley floor as the glacier moves (1). The glacier uses the
process of plucking and abrasion to widen and deepen the valley (1)
Sand spit, sand bar and tombolo formation
Longshore drift (1 mark) transports sand and deposits it in a sheltered area
(1 mark)
* deposits of sand build up over time until they are above sea level (1 mark)
* as the deposits grow into the sea a sand spit is formed (1 mark)
* if the spit continues to grow until it joins up with the opposite side of a bay a
sand bar is formed. (1 mark)
A tombolo is a unique type of sand spit that extends until it eventually connects the mainland to an offshore island, creating a natural pathway for both humans and animals. (1mark)
Land use conflicts Lossiemouth
RAF Lossiemouth causes noise pollution, which disturbs locals and tourists, especially near the golf course. (1)
Tourists park on the sides of narrow roads, which leads to traffic congestion and can block access for locals vehicles. (1)
Tourists sometimes leave farmers’ gates open, which can lead to animals escaping . (1)
Farmers may become frustrated as this risks livestock safety and disrupts their daily work. (1)
Loose dogs of leads can chase or attack livestock, such as sheep (1)
Tourits often drop litter on coastal walks, This frustrates farmers who have to clean it up and worry about the impact on livestock and land. (1)
