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Geography > Physical Geography > Flashcards

Physical Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

What does “LOWERN” stand for?

A

Latitude
Ocean Currents
Wind and Air Masses
Elevation
Relief
Near Water

These are all facts that affect a region’s climate.

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2
Q

What is the Earth’s Crust made out of?

A

A thin layer of solid rock

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3
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Earth?

A
  1. Earth’s crust (continental, oceanic)
  2. Mantle
  3. Outer core
  4. Inner core
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4
Q

Who came up with Plate Tectonic theory?

A

Alfred Wegner

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5
Q

Plate Tectonics say that the earth’s outer shell is…

A

Divided into several plates that move around and collide via continental drift

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6
Q

These plates were all originally connected, what were they called when they were?

A

Pangaea
Meaning “all lands”

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7
Q

There are __ major plates and __ minor plates

A

7 major plates

8 minor plates

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8
Q

Define Latitude

A

Sunlight doesn’t hit the earth evenly and it directly hits the equator

So the closer to the equator, the warmer the climate would be

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9
Q

Define Ocean Currents

A

Moves warm water and precipitation around coastal regions

Though it mainly just evens out extreme weather

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10
Q

Define Wind and Air Masses

A

Hot air rises and cool air flows under it to create wind

Wind can be local or global and can affect both climates

Air Masses are big areas of uniform temperature

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11
Q

Define Elevation

A

Elevation is height above sea level

The higher the elevation, the lower the average temperature

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12
Q

Define Relief

A

The difference between the highest and lowest point of elevation - refers to the shape and height of location

Windward - where all air condenses to rain

Leeward - dry side of mountain

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13
Q

Define Near Water

A

Water will heat up or cold down a lot slower than a land mass will

Land Masses near water will be affected by the temperature of water

Mainly helps even out extreme weather

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14
Q

What are the 5 different types of air Masses

A

Maritime (wet)

Continental (dry)

Tropical (hot)

Polar (cold)

Arctic (very cold)

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15
Q

Feature of maritime air mass

A

Wet

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16
Q

Feature of continental air mass

A

Dry

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17
Q

Feature of tropical air mass

A

Hot

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18
Q

Feature of polar air mass

A

Cold

19
Q

Feature of Arctic air mass

A

Very cold

20
Q

Name the 3 different plate boundaries and how they move

A

Convergent (move into each other)

Divergent (move away)

Transform (move past each other)

21
Q

What do convergent boundaries create?

A

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Mountain chains

22
Q

What do Divergent boundaries create?

A

Ocean ridges
(Seafloor spreading)

Rift valleys

23
Q

What do transform boundaries create?

A

Earthquakes

Fault lines

Ridges

24
Q

What order does the rock cycle go in?
(Very simply)

A
  1. Magma
  2. Igneous rocks
  3. Sedimentary rocks
  4. Metamorphic rocks
25
Q

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

A

A path along the Pacific ocean, known for being a primary region for earthquakes and volcanoes

Mainly made up of convergent boundaries

26
Q

Seafloor spreading is caused by…

A

Divergent boundaries

27
Q

(seafloor spreading)
Rocks are the oldest _____ from the M.A.R (or just an ocean ridge)

A

Furthest

28
Q

(seafloor spreading)
Rocks the same distance from the M.A.R are the….

A

Same age

29
Q

What does the M.A.R. stand for?

A

The “Mid Atlantic Ridge”

30
Q

List the landform regions in Canada

A

Western Cordillera

Interior Plains

Canadian Shield

Hudson Bay Lowlands

Great Lakes - St Lawrence Lowlands

Appalachian Region

Arctic Lowlands

Innuitian Mountains

31
Q

List some environmental hazards

A

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Tornados

Forest Fires

Floods

Landslides

32
Q

Less than 25°C is a ______ climate

A

Maritime

33
Q

More than 25°C is a _____ climate

A

Continental

34
Q

Name the 4 different eras

A
  1. Precambrian era (earliest life)
  2. Paleozoic era (anicent life)
  3. Mesozoic era (middle life)
  4. Cenozoic era (recent life)
35
Q

What was a main event in the Precambrian era?

A

The Canadian Shield was formed

36
Q

What was a main event in the Paleozoic era?

A

The Appalachian mountains were formed

37
Q

What was a main event in the Mesozoic era?

A

The rocky mountains began to form

38
Q

What was a main event in the Cenozoic era?

A

The ice age happened in North America and the Rockies finished forming

39
Q

Maritime Climate vs Continental Climate

A

maritime temperatures have mild climates with small temperature swings

continental climates have drastic temperature changes between seasons

40
Q

What is Climate change? Why does it happen?

A

Climate change is change in the typical weather of a region - or in this case, the earth

Climate change can be a natural process, however with all our use of fossil fuels, we’re causing global warming.
We’re heating up the earth much quicker than it naturally would because of the excess amounts of CO2 we’re emitting

41
Q

Maritime Climate is influenced by…

A

nearby ocean

42
Q

Continental climate is influenced by….

A

nearby land

43
Q

Define Weathering

A

the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth

44
Q

How does glaciation affect landforms?

A

pressure pushes them down on land and when they move they push rocks around

then when they melt, they leave the rocks stuck between them behind and melt, creating bodies of water

Geography (5 decks)

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