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Intro To Veterinary Technology > Physical Exams > Flashcards

Physical Exams Flashcards

How to perform a physical exam

1
Q

Tools required

A 
Stethoscope 
thermometer 
percussion hammer 
penlight 
otoscope 
glove 
ophthalmoscope
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2
Q

Skull types

A

Brachycephalic
Mesaticephalic
Dolichocephalic

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3
Q

Observation

A 
Demeanor 
body condition 
posture 
mental status 
facial expressions 
nutritional status 
neurological deficits 
head tilt 
weakness
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4
Q

Palpation

A

Using the hands and the sense of touch to detect tenderness, altered temperature, texture, vibration, pulsation, masses or swelling and other changes in body integrity

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5
Q

Light palpation

A

Performed on the abdomen to detect areas of tenderness

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6
Q

Deep palpation

A

Assess the underlying organs

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7
Q

What can’t you feel when palpating

A 
Liver 
stomach 
right kidney in the dog 
both kidneys in cats 
bladder depending on degree of dissension is felt caudoventral region
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8
Q

What can you feel when palpating

A

Left kidney

Intestines

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9
Q

Terms to use when palpating

A 
Doughy soft 
firm normal 
hard bone-like 
fluctuance soft elastic 
emphysematous air/gas in tissue
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10
Q

Percussion

A

tapping of the body surface to produce vibration and sound

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11
Q

Percussion sounds

A

Flatness: dull dense tissue (muscle/bone)
Dullness: thud like encapsulated tissue (liver and spleen)
Resonance: hollow sound (air filled lungs)
Hypersonance: booming sound (gas filled area)
Tympany: drum like sound (air filled organ)

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12
Q

Ausculation

A

Listening to sounds produced by the body maybe direct with the ear and no instrument or indirect using a stethoscope

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13
Q

Diaphragm of stethoscope

A

High-pitch sounds produced by vowels lungs and heart

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14
Q

Bell of a stethoscope

A

Lower frequency sounds that may not easily be detected by diaphragm

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15
Q

Insuring a thorough exam

A

Try to always use the same order of examination as to not forget a component of the exam

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16
Q

Two aspects of a physical exam

A

General observation and systematic approach(visual auditory olfactory and tactile senses)

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17
Q

Systematic approach

A

Slide 28

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18
Q

General appearance / initial observation

A

Slide 30

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19
Q

General appearance

A

Body and coat condition

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20
Q

Terms for coat

A

Dull scaly dry/dandruff oily/seborrheic shedding matted parasites alopecia pruritic comdomes

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21
Q

Symmetry

A

Note asymmetry observe closely for complementary or non complementary confirmation of the thorax or abdomen
note any differences in size or shape of the extremities

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22
Q

Pain scale

A

Slide 38

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23
Q

Mentation

A 
Patients attentiveness/reaction to environment provides basis to evaluate the degree of 
Consciousness 
Depression
Excitement
Overreaction to stimuli
Vision/balance
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24
Q

Normal temp in dogs

A

100 to 102.2 degrees F

25
Q

Normal temp in cats

A

100 to 102.2 degrees F

26
Q

Celcius to Fahrenheit

A

F= (1.8)C + 32

27
Q

Fahrenheit to celcius

A

C= (F - 32) ÷ 1.8

28
Q

1 to 2 degrees above normal usually means:

A

Excitement

29
Q

4 degrees and higher temp can mean:

A

Infection
Inflammatory(autoimmune)
Neoplastic (cancer)

30
Q

The body maintains its normal temperature by balancing heat production with heat lost through a thermostatic feedback mechanism in which organ?

A

Eek

31
Q

Complete cardiovascular system check (heart physical)

A

Includes: heart rate, cardiac auscultation(sound, pulse quality(rhythm)

32
Q

Normal heart rate in dogs

A

60 to 160

33
Q

Normal heart rate in cats

A

140 to 220

34
Q

When getting a heart rate

A

Should listen to both left and right sides

Place stethoscope between 4th and 6th intercostal spaces

35
Q

Left side of heart (which is point of maximal intensity?)

A

3 valves

  • mitral
  • aortic
  • pulmonic
36
Q

Right side of heart

A

1 valve

-tricuspid

37
Q

What is a lub-dub?

A

S1(lub):loud low pitch

S2(dub):closure of semilunar valves

38
Q

Abnormal heart sounds

A

Murmur(swishing)

Muffled (fluid in chest)

39
Q

Normal sinus

A

Regular heart beat with normal rate

40
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A

Normal to slow hr and increases during inspiration and decreases on expiration
Normal in dog and cat

41
Q

Other arrhythmias

A

Increase or decrease not associated with inspiration/expiration (skips a beat, pauses too long)

42
Q

Pulse deficit

A

Listen to heart at same time as palpatine femoral pulse

43
Q

Bounding pulses

A

Fever
Hyperthyroidism
Early shock

44
Q

Pluses is weak

A

Late shock

Hypotension

45
Q

Pluse areas

A

Over the dorsum of metatarsal area
Middle of thigh near where leg joins body
Difficult to hear in cats

46
Q

MM(mucous membrane)

A

Indication of the blood flow to peripheral tissue

47
Q

CRT(capillary refill time)

A 
Reflects perfusion of peripheral tissue
Time required for blood to refill capillaries after displacement by finger
Normal 1 to 2 seconds
Longer than
-poor peripheral perfusion 
-shock vasodilation vasoconstriction heart failure 
Less than
-anxiety, compensatory shock, fever pain
48
Q

Pulse strength and quality

A

Indicates strength of heart to move blood through system

49
Q

Body temp

A

Indicates if blood is moving slow or fast through system

50
Q

Places to view mm

A

Gingivae over k9
Conjunctiva of the eye
Inside vulva membranes
Penis membrane

51
Q

Jugular

A

Shouldn’t see jugular pluse normally

Look for pulse and distention

52
Q

Pink mm

A

Normal

Adequate perfusion/oxygenation of peripheral tissue

53
Q

Pale/white mm

A

Anemia poor perfusion vasoconstriction

Blood loss, shock, decrease peripheal blood flow

54
Q

Blue cyanotic

A

Inadequate oxygenation

Hypoxemia

55
Q

Brick red mm

A

Increase perfusion vasodilation

Early shock, sepsis, fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome

56
Q

Yellow icteric mm

A

Bilirubin accumulation

Hepatic or biliary disorder and or hemolysis

57
Q

Brown mm

A

Methemoglobinemia

Acetaminophen toxicity in cats, intravascular hemolysis

58
Q

Petechiae (red splotchy) mm

A

Coagulation disorder

Platelet disorder, DIC, coagulation factor deficiencies

59
Q

7 questions to ask during history information

A

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Intro To Veterinary Technology (1 decks)

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