Physical Examination Flashcards
discovered albuminuria in 1694
A. Richard Bright
B. Anton Van leeuwenhook
C. Frederik Dekker
D. Louis Pasteur
C
introduced the concept of urinalysis
A. Richard Bright
B. Anton Van leeuwenhook
C. Frederik Dekker
D. Louis Pasteur
A
To determine whether a particular fluid is urine, the specimen can be tested for its
A. Na
B. K
C. Chloride
D. Urea
E. Creatinine
D and E
is a metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and amino acids; accounts for nearly half of the total dissolved solids in the urine;
A. Na
B. K
C. Chloride
D. Urea
E. Creatinine
D
is the major inorganic solid dissolved in urine followed by Na and K
A. Na
B. K
C. Chloride
D. Urea
E. Creatinine
C
major organic solute present in urine
A. Na
B. K
C. Chloride
D. Urea
E. Creatinine
D
Urine composition is
A. 95% water, 5% solutes
B. 75%water 25% solutes
C. 90% water, 10% solutes
D. 80% water, 20% solutes
A
Normal daily urine output is _______ mL, although the range 600 to 2,000 mL is considered normal taking into account the factors that influence urine volume like fluid intake, fluid loss, variations in the secretion of ADH and need to excrete increased amounts of dissolved solids.
A. 1,500 to 2,000
B. 1,200 to 1,500
C. 1000 to 1,200
D. 800 to 1,500
B
ANURIA is a cessation of urine; it is sometimes defined as being ______ during 2-3 consecutive days inspite of a high fluid intake
A. <1mL/kg/hr
B. >500mL
C. >2,500mL/day
D. <100mL/24hr
E. <400mL/day
F. <0.5mL/kg/hr
G. 2.5-3 mL/kg/day
D
ANURIA is a cessation of urine; it is sometimes defined as being ______ during 2-3 consecutive days inspite of a high fluid intake
A. <1mL/kg/hr
B. >500mL
C. >2,500mL/day
D. <100mL/24hr
E. <400mL/day
F. <0.5mL/kg/hr
G. 2.5-3 mL/kg/day
D
the anuria associated with
A. CYSTEINE
B. CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
C. SULFONAMIDE
D. RADIOGRAPHIC DYES
C
The recommended capacity of the container is ___. The recommended urine specimen volume is _
A. 50mL, 12mL
B. 50mL, 15 mL
C. 50mL, 20 mL
D. 50 mL, 30 mL
B
The most routinely used method of preservation is ____ at _____;however can ____ the SG when measured by urinometer and the precipitation of amorphous phosphates and urates which may obscure the microscopic sediment analysis
A. refrigeration, -2degC to -8degC, increase
B. refrigeration, 2degC to 8degC, increase
C. refrigeration, -2degC to -8degC, decrease
D. refrigeration, 2degC to 8degC, decrease
B
Concentrated HCl
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
F
Concentrated HCl
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
F
Glacial HAc pH2
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
D
Glacial HAc pH 4.5
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
E
Formaldehyde
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
B
Sodium Carbonate
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
A
Chloroform
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
E
Chloroform
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
E
Sulfuric Acid
A. Porphyrins and Urobilinogen
B. Addis Count
C. Calcium and Inorganic Constituents
D. Serotonin
E. Aldosterone
F. Catecholamines, NH3, Urea, Total Nitrogen
C
The following items are the changes of unpreserved urine:
Color
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
Nitrite
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
Glucose
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
Cells and Casts
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
C
A
B
D
The following items are the changes of unpreserved urine:
Clarity
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
Urobilinogen
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
Ketones
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
pH
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
Bacteria
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Darkened/ modified
B
B
B
A
A
The most commonly received specimen is the
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
G
The most commonly received specimen is the
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
G
collected 2 hours after consuming a routine meal; it is tested for glucose and the resuls are used primarily for monitoring insulin therapy in patients with DM
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
F
is the specimen of choice for microalbuminuria; the 1stmorning specimen however is required in immunochemical assays(immunodip and micral test)
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
D
are sometimes collected in conjunction to blood samples drawn during a GTT; collection is an institutional option
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
I
The ideal screening specimen is the _______ because it assures detection of chemicals and formed elements
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
A
is the specimen of choice for microalbuminuria; the 1stmorning specimen however is required in immunochemical assays(immunodip and micral test)
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
E
is also called second morning(second voided) urine(after a period of fasting); recommended for glucose monitoring
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
E
is also called second morning(second voided) urine(after a period of fasting); recommended for glucose monitoring
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
E
is usually the method of choice for obtaining non- contaminated specimen for culture since it is safer and less traumatic
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
H
is usually the method of choice for obtaining non- contaminated specimen for culture since it is safer and less traumatic
A. First morning urine
B. Afternoon(2 to 4pm)
C. Catheterized specimen
D. 24 hour or timed specimen
E. Fasting specimen
F. 2-hour postprandial specimen
G. Random urine
H. Midstream Clean-Catch specimen
I. GTT specimen
J. 12 hour urine
K. 4 hour urine
H
