Physical Examination Flashcards
Urine color that may be cause by polyuria or diabetes insipidus, iabetes mellitus
Pale yellow
Urine color obtained from taking antidepressant
Blue-green
Ingestion of breath deodorizers (Clorets) can
result to what color of urine
Blue-green
Urine Clarity: Print cannot be seen through urine
Turbid
what causes cabbage odor in urine
Methionine malabsorption
Urine color which resulted from concentration
Dark yellow
Give atleast 3 pathological causes of turbidity
RBCs
WBCs
Bacteria
Yeast
Nonsquamous epithelial cells
Abnormal crystals
Lymph fluid
Lipids
Principle behind Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry
sound wave
This is present when the urine is RED and CLEAR
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin
Urine color that may be caused by a malignant melanoma
Black
Causes pale yellow urine and may indicate an increased 24-hour volume and low specific gravity
Polyuria or diabetes insipidus
Principle behind osmolality
Changes in colligative properties by particle
number
Urine Clarity: No visible particulates, transparent
Clear
Urine color that may result when bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin
Yellow-green
Anticoagulant, orange in alkaline urine, colorless in acid urine
Phenindione
a substance that forms yellow foam when shaken which may cause a dark yellow urine
Bilirubin
Urine color that may be normal after strenuous exercise or in first morning
specimen
Dark yellow
Corrections for glucose must be calculated
by subtracting _______ from each gram glucose
0.004
Principle behind Reagent strip
pKa changes of a polyelectrolyte by ions present
urine odor cause by Phenylketonuria
Mousy
Aids in the identification of crystals
pH value
urine odor that is cause by bacterial decomposition, urinary tract infection
Foul, ammonia-like
True or False
The refractometer is calibrated using distilled water that should read 1.000.
True
The presence of this makes the urine RED and CLOUDY
RBCs
Seen in acidic urine after standing; positive chemical test result for blood
RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin (Red-brown urine)
Urine Clarity: Many particulates, print blurred through urine
Cloudy
urine odor cause by Isovaleric acidemia
Sweaty feet
Urine color caused by intestinal tract infections resulting in increased urinary indican
Blue- Green
Urine odor that may be cause by Contamination
bleach
This is present when the urine is RED and CLEAR
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin
Principle of refractometer
refractive index
Urine color that may be cause by Pseudomonas infection
Green
It indicates negative bile test results and possible green fluorescence from a dark yellow urine
Acriflavine
Ultrafiltrate specific gravity
1.010
what causes fruity, sweet odor in urine
Ketones (diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting)
Ultrafiltrate specific gravity
1.010
Urine Clarity: May precipitate or be clotted
Milky
Photo-oxidation of bilirubin imparts a yellow-green color tothe urine caused by the presence of —-
biliverdin
Normal random specific gravity of urine
1.002 to 1.035
Urine color that is commonly observed with random specimens
Colorless
Urine color that may be cause by Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) which is a drug commonly administered for urinary tract infections
Orange-yellow
Give at least 3 nonpathological causes of Turbidity
Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
Semen, spermatozoa
Fecal contamination
Radiographic contrast media
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams
Principle behind urinometer
buoyancy
Corrections for protein must be calculated
by subtracting _______ from each gram of protein
0.003
Calibration of refractometer using 9% sucrose must be ____
1.034 ± 0.001
