Physical Examination Flashcards
What is considered normal blood pressure?
<120/<80 mmHg
What is considered elevated blood pressure
120-129/<80 mmHg
What is stage 1 hypertension?
130-139/80-89 mmHg
What is stage 2 hypertension?
> 140/>90 mmHg
What is hypotension?
Uncommon bp of <90/60 mmHg. Uncommon and may signify important clinical change.
May need immediate medical attention when accompanied w/ light headedness and diziness
What is tachycardia?
HR of more than 100 bpm after 15 mins of sitting. Abnormal af
What medical conditions accompany tachycardia?
Low left ventricular systolic function, very shit pulmonary function, hyperthyroidism, anemia, volume depletion
What is brachycardia?
HR of less than 60 bpm. Either abnormal or normal depending on condition
What is tachypnea?
respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per min
What is bradypnea?
respiratory rate of less than 8 breaths per min. Sucks especially at rest of less exertion
What is hypoxia?
When blood O2 saturation is less than 95%
If you got COPD, O2 saturation more than 88% is cool
What’s normal BMI?
18.5-24.9
What is gynecoid obesity?
Obesity around legs
What is android obesity?
Obesity around thoracic area
Is android or gynecoid obesity worse?
Android. It’s more indicative of disease risk
What is pleural affusion?
Abnormal collection of fluid in pleural space outside lungs that doesn’t transmit sound
What is atelectasis?
Alveoli doesn’t expand enough after thoracic surgery because it gets filled with alveoli fluid or deflates
What is auscultation?
Listening to heart sounds
What are bruits?
High speed swooshing sound from blood passing narrowing artery. Identified as loud or soft
What is edema?
Swelling of lower legs, ankles, feet
How does edema happen?
Excess fluid build up in legs.
Comes from left ventricular end diastolic pressure and increased pressure to right atrium, pulmonary capillaries/arteries, and right sided cardiac chambers, blood pools to lower extremities
What’s often the first sign of congestive heart failure in relation to edema?
An increase in edema or body mass of over 1.5 kg in 2-3 days
What are the different types of gaits?
Antalgic: limp b/c of unilateral pain
Slow: tip off b/c of back disease, hip problems, neurological problems
Hemiplegic, shuffling, wide based, foot drop, slapping gaits: spinal injury, cerebellar dysfunction (excess alcohol), or midbrain dysfunction (parkinson’s)
What are some things that can cause low back pain? Do you always need a doctor’s evaluation?
Can range from mild muscle strain to life threatening abdominal aortic aneurysm. If there’s no symptomatic evidence of radiating pain or numbness, maybe doc eval isn’t needed. Over 65 years old, go see a doc
What are the 2 most common forms of arthritis? What are they?
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid: Autoimmune disease that can result in pain, thickening of joint capsule, lateral finger deviation
Osteoarthritis: wear/tear on joints
What is hemiparesis?
Complete limb paralysis
What are risk factors for strokes?
History of strokes, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular dysfunction, aneurysms, carotid artery stenosis, and uncontrolled hypertension
CEPs don’t really do much skin assessments but when do they do it?
If you got diabetes. B/c ppl with diabetes may have peripheral neuropathy
What is peripheral neuropathy?
When the nerves of the legs are damaged and don’t work properly. Results in numbness
When examining skin, what is clubbing?
Condition where fingers have finger tissue buildup resulting in it looking like an upside down spoon
What is anemia?
Low blood count where hemoglobin is less than 12 g. dL-1 in women and less than 13 g.dl-1
How do people get anemia?
A chronic illness, chronic kidney disease
What is myocardial ischemia?
Lack of blood flow to heart
