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DERM > Physical Exam. of the skin, hair and nails > Flashcards

Physical Exam. of the skin, hair and nails Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the overall skin inspection? (6)

A

a. Color
b. Uniform Appearance
c. Thickness
d. Symmetry
e. Hygiene
f. Presence of any leasion

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2
Q

What scale is used as a reference for skin pigmentation?

A

Fitzpatrick Scale ( I-VI)

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3
Q

What are the things when looking at lesions?(9)

A

a. Lesions itself
b. Size ( L x W, mm and cm)
c. Shape and configuration
d. Lesion Color
e. Elevation/depression
f. Demarcation (Boarders)
g. Border/margins
h. Presence of exudate
I. location and distribution

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4
Q

Annular

A

ring-shaped with clear center

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5
Q

Round(nummular)

A

Coin-shaped; solid circle or oval

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6
Q

Arcuate Lesion

A

(arc-shaped) often a result in incomplete formation of annular leasion

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7
Q

Multiform Lesion

A

Multiple different shapes located together

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8
Q

Polycyclic Lesion

A

formed from coalescing circles, rings or incomplete rings

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9
Q

Targetoid Lesion

A

Target like, center darker then the periphery

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10
Q

Punctae Lesion

A

Dot-like, typically around 1 cm

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11
Q

Umbilicated Lesion

A

central depression also known as “delled”

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12
Q

Liner Lesion

A

Straight Line

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13
Q

Serpiginous Lesion

A

Snake-like

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14
Q

What kind of exudate is mild, yellow, and cloudy discharge associated with mild infections?

A

Seropurulent

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15
Q

What exudate that is thick, yellow to green discharge is typically associated with infection?

A

Purulent

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16
Q

What exudate is thin, clear discharge associated with and expected in the inflammation stage of wound healing?

A

Serous

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17
Q

What is dried crust exudate?

A

Serum

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18
Q

What primary skin lesion is a Flat, a circumscribed area of color change less than 1 cm in diameter?

A

Macule

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19
Q

What primary skin lesion a flat, non-palpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter?

A

Patch

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20
Q

What primary skin lesion is an elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter?

A

Palpule

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21
Q

What primary skin lesion is an elevated firm, rough, lesion, with a flat top greater than 1 cm in diameter?

A

Plaque

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22
Q

What primary skin lesion is elevated, circumscribed, superficial-filled(clear/serous), less than 1 cm?

A

Vesicle

23
Q

What primary skin lesion is an elevated, superficial lesion, similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid?

A

Pustule

24
Q

What primary skin lesions an elevated, superficial lesions, similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid greater than 1cm?

A

Bulla

25
Q

What primary skin lesions are elevated, irregularly-shaped areas of cutaneous edema, solid, transient and. variable?

A

Wheal (Hive)

26
Q

What primary skin lesions are elevated, firm, circumscribed lesions, deeper in the dermis than a papule, and 1-2 cm in diameter?

A

Nodule

27
Q

What primary skin lesions are elevated and solid lesions, that may not be clearly demarcated, deep in the dermis, grater than 2 cm?

A

Tumor (mass)

28
Q

What primary skin lesions are encapsulated lesions in the dermis or hypodermis filled with liquid or semi-solid material?

A

Cyst

29
Q

What primary skin lesions are fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation?

A

Telangiectasica

30
Q

What are the three categories of secondary skin lesions?

A

a. Accumulation of material
b. Change in the sin integrity or thickness
c. Loss of layers or skin breakdown

31
Q

What are loose or adherent flakes composed of stratum corneum cells?

A

Scales
Examples: Psoriasis, Seborrheic Dermatitis

32
Q

What are rough and thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation?

A

Lichenification
Ex: Chronic Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis

33
Q

What are dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated?

A

Crust
ex: Scabs, Impetigo

34
Q

What is a thick and fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury to the dermis?

A

Scar

35
Q

What is a overgrowth of scar tissue that remains confined to the site of initial injury, maybe raised or flat?

A

Hypertrophic scar

36
Q

What is irregularly shaped, elevated scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the initial injury or wound and common in skin types IV-VI?

A

Keloid

37
Q

What is thinning of the skin and loss of skin marking, skin can translucent and paper like?

A

Atrophy

38
Q

With loss of skin layers loss of part of epidermis, doesn’t bleed, heals without scarring follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla?

A

Erosion

39
Q

With loss of skin layers loss of epidermis and dermis, concave, may bleed, heals with scaring?

A

Ulcer

40
Q

With loss of skin loss of epidermis, linear, hollowed-out crusted area, due to mechanical trauma (scratching)?

A

Excoriation

40
Q

With loss of skin layers has linear crack in skin continuity from epidermis to dermis, can be moist or dry?

A

Fissure

41
Q

What kind of hair loss has variable patchy and round hair loss on scalp?

A

Alopecia Areata

42
Q

What kind of hair loss secondary to excessive/constant traction?

A

Traction Alopecia

43
Q

What kind of hair loss secondary to scar formation and follicle loss?

A

Scarring Alopecia

44
Q

What type of hair loss is loss of all scalp hair?

A

Alopecia Totalis

44
Q

What type of hair loss is loss of all body hair?

A

Alopecia Universalis

45
Q

What type of skin issue comes from HPV that occur on the soles of the feet, appear to have black dots and disrupt normal skin lines?

A

Plantar Warts

46
Q

What skin like issue has accumulation of melanocytes/nevus cells in dermis, symmetric brown macule or papule with smooth, regular borders, typically have colors beige, pink, or brown, usually < 6 mm?

A

Nevus (Moles)

47
Q

What are the three categories of abnormalities of the nail?

A

a. Injury
b. infectious
c. Systemic Disease

48
Q

Subungal Hematoma

A

Bleeding from nail bed secondary trauma

49
Q

Onychosis

A

Nail separated from distal nail bed, secondary to trauma, hematoma, fungus

50
Q

Onychocyptosis

A

ingrowing of nail, secondary to improper trimming technique, shoe compression

51
Q

Onychomycosis

A
  1. yellow, crumbling nail plate.
  2. Hyperkeratotic debris beneath
  3. Onychosis
52
Q

Paronychia

A
  1. infection around nail
    a. Bacteria

DERM (2 decks)

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