Physical Exam Considerations Flashcards
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for in the examination process?
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Penetrating injuries, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling
DCAP-BTLS is a systematic approach to physical examination in trauma assessment.
What is the most reliable sign of a head injury?
Decreased or altered level of consciousness
This includes monitoring for confusion, disorientation, or deteriorating mental status.
What should be monitored for changes in a patient with a head injury?
Level of consciousness, pupil reaction, movement, and sensations in extremities
Signs such as confusion, unresponsiveness, or seizures should be noted.
What does unequal pupil size after a head injury indicate?
A serious problem, possibly indicating brain injury
It may signal that an injury has occurred on one side of the brain.
What are the signs to look for when inspecting the scalp of a head injury patient?
Bruising, blood, or CSF leaking from ears, nose, mouth
Also look for bruising around the eyes and behind the ears.
What should you not do with open scalp lacerations?
Do not probe with your gloved finger
Probing may push bone fragments into the brain.
What should you do if there is an impaled object in an open head injury?
Do not remove the impaled object
Removing it may cause further injury.
How should pupil size and reaction be documented?
Sketch the size of both pupils on the ambulance report
This indicates any difference between the two eyes.
What should be assessed as soon as possible in a head injury patient?
Pupil size and reaction to light
This establishes a baseline for monitoring changes.
Fill in the blank: A patient experiencing _______ may indicate a head injury.
seizures
Seizures can be a symptom of increased intracranial pressure or brain injury.
What symptoms indicate the need for immediate monitoring of brain injury progression?
Changes in pupil reactions over time
Progressive changes can indicate worsening brain injury.
What should be checked for in the extremities of a head injury patient?
Decreased movement and/or numbness and tingling
These symptoms may indicate neurological impairment.
