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Physicianship > physical exam > Flashcards

physical exam Flashcards

1
Q

cardio ROS

A

chest pain, irregular heartbeat, palpitations, leg swelling

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2
Q

derm ROS

A

rashes, skin changes

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3
Q

gastro-urinary ROS

A

blood in urine, pain urinating, incontinence

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4
Q

general ROS

A

changes in weight, fatigue, fever/chills

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5
Q

GI ROS

A

abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

gyn ROS

A

change in periods, vaginal discharge, breast pain/discharge

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7
Q

HEENT ROS

A

vision changes, hearing changes, ear pain, sore throat, nasal discharge, ear discharge

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8
Q

how is BMI calculated

A

weight in kg / height in m^2

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9
Q

muscular ROS

A

joint pain or swelling, muscle aches

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10
Q

neuro ROS

A

headache, dizziness, fainting, weakness

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11
Q

normal BP

A

90-120 / 60-80

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12
Q

normal HR

A

60-100bpm

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13
Q

normal pulse Ox range

A

96-100%

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14
Q

normal respiratory rate

A

12-20bpm

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15
Q

psych ROS

A

sad, depressed, anxious, trouble with memory

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16
Q

respiratory ROS

A

SOB (lying down or active), wheezing, coughing

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17
Q

what BMI range is overweight, obese, and morbidly obese?

A

overweight: 25-29.9
obese: >30
morbidly obese: >35

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18
Q

what BMI range is underweight

A

<18.5

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19
Q

what is considered a fever?

A

normal temp is 97-99F

fever is anything over 100.4F

20
Q

what is considered hypoxemia?

A

<88% O2 sat

21
Q

what is normal range of BMI

A

18.5 - 24.9

22
Q

what range of BP is considered hypotensive?

A

<90/60

23
Q

what questions to ask regarding pain?

A 
OPQRSTU:
onset
precipitating/palliating/place
quality (how to describe pain)
radiation
severity
temporal
understanding (what do you think might have caused it?)
24
Q

cephalad in embryology anatomical terms is equivalent to what in adults?

A

superior, towards the head

25
Q

caudal in embryology is equivalent to what anatomical term in adults?

A

inferior, towards the feet

26
Q

place in correct flow from proximal to distal arm:

ulnar artery, brachial artery, axillary artery, radial artery

A

axillary artery —> brachial artery —> ulnar and radial arteries

27
Q

match:
radial and ulnar arteries
medial and lateral

A

radial artery is lateral (thumb)

ulnar artery is medial

28
Q

where can the brachial artery be palpated?

A

midarm - medial side between biceps and triceps

anterior to elbow - cubital fossa (medial to biceps tendon - where stethoscope is placed for BP reading)

29
Q

where can the radial artery be palpated?

A

distal forearm - lateral to anterior forearm tendons (most common pulse reading site)

30
Q

which ribs are “floating”?

A

rib 1-10 attach to costal cartilage

ribs 11, 12 are “floating” - not attached to cartilage

31
Q

the diaphragm ascends on inspiration or expiration?

A

diaphragm ascends/relaxes on expiration (decreases thoracic volume)

diaphragm contracts/descends on inspiration (increases thoracic volume)

32
Q

ventricles of heart are relaxed as they fill with blood during ____
ventricles of heart contract as blood is pumped during _____

A

diastole: passive filling
systole: ventricle contraction

33
Q

what are Korotkoff sounds

A

“heart beat” sound heard between systolic and diastolic pressure (sounds heard through stethoscope)

34
Q

pulse oximetry could be inaccurate in patients with: (looking for 4 answers)

A

abnormal hemoglobin structure
abnormal hemoglobin levels
hemoglobin abnormally bound to other molecules (ex- carbon monoxide, CO)
abnormal peripheral blood flow

*note: pulse ox works because oxyhemoglobin absorbs light differently than deoxyhemoglobin, so result is based on how much light is absorbed

35
Q

intercostal spaces (ICS) are numbered by rib [inferior/superior] to the space?

A

SUPERIOR

36
Q

at which rib does the inferior border of the lung lie posteriorly?

A

10th rib

37
Q

at what vertebral level are the kidneys found? are they even?

A

T12-L3

right kidney is usually a little inferior to the left

38
Q

which lung has 3 lobes

A

right

39
Q

the pleural cavity extends about ___ rib spaces inferior to the lung

A

2 rib spaces

40
Q

what is the base and apex of the heart, respectively?

A

base: LA (left atrium) - found on back side of heart

apex (bottom tip): LV (left ventricle) - at 5th ICS

41
Q

you place your stethoscope at the left 5th ICS in the mid clavicular line. What are you hearing?

A

location is LV (apex of heart), you are hearing mitral valve

42
Q

what do the first and second heart sounds signify, respectively

A

first heart sound: diastole (closing of tricuspid and mitral valves)
second heart sound: systole (closing of aortic and pulmonic valves)

43
Q

where is the point of maximal impact (PMI) when auscultating the heart?

A

left ventricle (apex) - the “motor” of the heart

44
Q

what does the femoral artery become as it travels distally to the foot?

A

femoral artery —> popliteal artery —> posterior tibial artery —> dorsalis pedis artery

45
Q

where can the femoral pulse be palpated?

A

femoral triangle - inferior to inguinal ligament, halfway between ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) and pubic tubercle

46
Q

where can posterior tibial artery be palpated?

A

between medial malleolus of ankle and calcaneous of heel

47
Q

where can dorsalis pedis artery be palpated?

A

between extensor tendons of great toe and 2nd digit (top of foot near big toe)

Physicianship (4 decks)

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