Physical Effects Of Radiation

Question 1

Physical effects of radiation depends on dose and exposures

Answer 1

1. High or low dose exposure
   2.internal or external exposure
   3.local or whole body exposure

Question 2

Internal exposure

Answer 2

Food
Inhalations
Radiopharmaceuticals

Question 3

External exposure

Answer 3

-sun
-ground
-radiation generator

Question 4

Local exposure

Answer 4

Which specific body part was exposed to the radiation dose

Question 5

Whole body exposure

Answer 5

Radiation dose exposed to the whole body and all its parts

Question 6

Physical effect of radiation can be chracterised into…

Answer 6

Deterministic or stochastic

Question 7

Deterministic effects of radiation

Answer 7

-deterministic effects are when dose exceeds threshold which causes side effects

-only occur if a threshold of exposure has been exceeded

-below threshold, no clinical side effects
Above threshold, side effects are present

-radiation dose delivered over a s hort period of time

Question 8

What is the threshold for deterministic effects and its side effects

Answer 8

Threshold is 0.1Grey+

Deterministic effects of radiation examples:
-cataracts
-erythema: radiation burns and skin reddening
-sterility

Question 9

Stochastic effects of radiation

Answer 9

-given dose has a PROBABILITY of causing effects
-no threshold dose of stochastic effects
-risk of an effect occurring increases as absorbed dose increases
-dose determines probability of side effects

Question 10

Stochastic effects of radiation examples

Answer 10

Cancer

Hereditary effects

-very difficult to detect on a wide scale due to low dose exposures

Question 11

What are the Physical effects of radiation….

-inculcation period

-examples

-rise of these effects

Answer 11

Inclination period is within several weeks - accute effects

Examples include acute radiation syndrome and skin disease

Deterministic effects are caused by cell deaths or cell elongations when radiation exceeds dose levels

Question 12

What are the heritable effects of radiation…

Inclubation period

Examples

How does the Rise of the effects occur

Answer 12

Incubation is after several months- chronic effects

Examples: cancer , leukaemia, abnormal fetal development , hereditary disorders

Stochastic effects ochre due to dis age on DNA causing mutations

Question 13

Deterministic effects of radiation need to be considered when xraying pregnant women

Answer 13

-need to consider the benefit of X-raying the mother outweighing the risks of radiation on the baby.

-during the organogenesis and early fetal period after conception this period is when important organs of the baby is formed so there needs to be. Careful attention to used of drugs and when fetuses are most vulnerable to radiation

-Late fetal period after conception to delivery baby is more formed so x raying mother has more benefits than risks on baby.