Physical Education Flashcards
Proprioception
Body awareness (exercises include shape, balance, quality (e.g., how fast/slow), space/direction, exploration (moving over, under, around, leading with body parts).
Locomotor Skills
Basic movements performed in different directions at different speeds. The foundation of gross motor coordination involving large and small muscle movements (jumping, skipping, galloping, sliding).
Nonlocomotor Skills
Referred to as static movements because they are passive and performed in place. Lead to body control, flexibility, and balance (stretching, twisting, pushing).
Object Manipulation Skills
Complex motor patterns that are basic to specialized sports and utilize an object (e.g., ball or bat). Requires hand-eye or foot-eye coordination and developmentally appropriate gross and fine motor abilities (throwing, catching, kicking, striking).
Newton’s laws of motion
1st law: when an object is in motion, it will remain in motion until an outside force acts upon it (e.g., basketball-either gravity or the hoop can change its course).
2nd law: A relationship exists between an objects mass, acceleration, and applied force. Continuity of movement is responsible for producing the maximum force and velocity (e.g., throwing a basketball while sitting vs standing).
3rd law: if one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts and equal force in the opposite direction. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (e.g., bat vs ball).
Gravity
The center of the human body can me associated with the “center of gravity”.
Friction
The resistance of motion of two moving objects (e.g., a ball will roll faster on asphalt than in the grass).
Skeletal Basic Terms
Cranium: bones of the head Clavicle: collar bone Femur: upper leg bone Humerus: upper arm bone Patella: knee cap Scapula: shoulder blade Sternum: breast bone Tibia: inner bone of the lower leg Ulna and radius: lower arm bones
Muscular basic terms
Abdominals: stomach muscles Biceps: top muscles of the upper arm Deltoids: shoulder muscles Gastronomies: calf muscles Gluteus Maximus: buttock muscles Hamstrings: back thigh muscles Quadriceps: front thigh muscles Triceps: underneath muscles of the upper arm.
Muscular Strength
Muscular strength is the amount of force exerted with muscles. Muscular movements can be isometric with no visible movement (static), or isotonic with signs of movement (dynamic).
Endurance
The ability to sustain physical effort for long periods of time.
Flexibility
The movement in which joints and muscles move through a full range of motion.
Body Composition
The proportion of body fat to lean body mass.
Cardio-Respiratory (Aerobic)
The ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to sustain work by delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body over time.
Heart rate formulas
Target Heart Rate (THR): 220 - (age x 70% to 80%)
To check heart rate, count beats for 10 seconds and multiple by 6 to get bpm.
