Physical Development In Infancy And Birth And The Basics Flashcards
What are the ages for birth and infancy
0-2
How do people in birth and infancy physical develop?
Grow rapidly and reach approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2 years old.at around 1 they can walk and by 2 they can run
What are the ages for early childhood
3-8
How do people in early childhood physically develop
Continue to develop at a steady pace. Continue to develop strength and coordination
What are the ages for adolescence
9-18
How do people in adolescence physically develop?
Experience growth spurts and develop sexual character during puberty
What are the ages for early adulthood
19-45
How do people in early adulthood physically develop
Reach the peak of their physical fitness
What are the ages for middle adulthood
46-65
How do people in middle adulthood physically develop
The ageing process begins with some loss of strength and stamina. Women go through the menopause
What is the age for later adulthood
65+
How do people in late adulthood physically develop
Ageing process continues with gradual loss of mobility. Older adults will experience loss of height of up to a few centimetres
What does growth mean
Growth is physical and refers to an increase in size and involves meaning a change in quantity
How can growth be measured
Height, Weight, head circumference
When do people go through the most rapid period of growth
Infancy and puberty
True or false. Growth is continuous and smooth
False. Growth is continuous but not smooth
How can rates of growth be different between people/ different body parts
Puberty can start later for some
Different growth rates between boys and girls
Some body parts will growth faster then others e.g. head circumference grows more rapidly than other areas for the first few months of life
At what ages are a baby’s head circumference measured and why
At birth and between 6-8 weeks to check the size and growth of the brain
How much does the baby grow in length by 1 year
Doubles in length
How much does a baby grow in weight by 5 months and then 1 year
5 months- doubled
1 year- tripled
How tall should a baby be by 2 years old?
Half it’s adult height
What is used to monitor children’s growth patterns
Centile charts
Where is the average rate of growth represented on the centile chart
In the 50th percentile
What does development mean
Learning new skills. It follows a set
pattern but each child is unique and develops at their own rate
-Physical development- learning new skills they can achieve using their body
-intellectual development- mental development of mind, including language development
- emotional development- increase in feelings and emotional and control of these
- social development- development of their ability to build relationships with others
How can development be seen
Key milestones- these are described developmental norms and describe the skills that infants, children and adolescents are expected to develop at particular ages/stages of their lives
What is a gross motor skill
The use of large muscles or body parts. They allow children to control those body movements that requite the use of large muscles in the legs, arms and the torso. Used for walking and running
What is a fine motor skill
Actions that require the use of smaller muscles in the hands, fingers and toes. Examples include holding crayons, drawing, scribbling
What does the development of fine and gross motor skills help a baby to do
Helps them to complete increasingly complex movements as baby are helpless in terms of muscle coordination and control
Where does physical development start
From the top to the bottom and inside and move to the outside
What gross motor skills should a newborn baby have
Primitive reflexes such as grasp
What fine motor skills should a newborn baby have
Hold their thumbs tucked into their hands
What gross motor skills should a 1 month old have developed
Lifts chin
Some control of head
What fine motor skills should a 1 month old have of developed
Opens hands to grasp a finger
What gross motor skills should a 3 month old have of developed
Can lift their head and chest when lying on front
What fine motor skills should a 3 month old have
Can briefly grasp a rattle
What gross motor skill should a 6 month of have
Rolls over
Can sit up for a short amount of time without support
Kicks legs when held up
What fine motor skills should a 6 month old have
Move objects from hand to hand
Can pick up dropped toys if they are in sight
What gross motor skill should a 9-10 month of have
Crawls
Begins to cruise
What fine motor skills should a 9-10 month old have
Uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
What gross motor skill should a 12-13 month of have
Stands alone
Can walk without help
What fine motor skills should a 12-13 month old have
Manipulates and places toys
What gross motor skill should a 18 month of have
Climbs onto furniture
What fine motor skills should a 18 month old have
Builds a short tower with blocks
What gross motor skill should a 2 year have
Propels a sit on toy with their feet
Throws a large ball
What fine motor skills should a 2 year old have
Draws lines and circles
Turns a page
What gross motor skill should a 2 and a half year old have
Jumpw froma low step
Kicks a ball
What fine motor skills should a 2 and a half year old have
Uses a spoon and fork
Builds a tower of 7-8 blocks
What is the sucking reflex
When the roof of a baby’s mouth is touched the baby will start to suck
What is the rooting reflex
Starts when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched the baby will turn their head and open their mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking, helps them find milk
What is the grasp reflex
An involuntary response to a mechanical stimulus presented to a newborn. Appears around 16 weeks
What is the stepping reflex
The baby appears to take a step when held upright with their feet touching a solid surface
What is the startle reflex
Baby throws back thier head, extends out their arms and legs and cries and pull their arms back in, in response to being startle
