Physical Chemistry Flashcards
What is energy?
The capacity to do work
What is the formula for calculating work done?
Force x Distance
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred
What is the enthalpy of formation?
Enthalpy change required to form 1 mol of the substance in its standard state from its constituent elements
What is the standard enthalpy of reaction?
Enthalpy change on a reaction of 1 mol of substance with all reactants and products in their standard state
What is the equation for Gibbs energy change?
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
What is stoichiometry?
Number of reactant and product molecules (moles)
How is the rate of a reaction calculated?
rate of reaction = k [A] [B]
Units = dm3 mol-1 s-1
What is the Arrhenius equation?
K = Ae ^ -Ea/RT
Can be rearranged to:
Ln k = ln A - Ea/RT
How is the rate found at different temperatures?
Ln k1/ k = Ea/R (1/T - 1/T1)
What is the integrated rate equation for a first order reaction?
[A] = [A]0 x e^-kt
[A]0 = initial concentration of A
What are the rate laws and integrated rate laws for the different orders of reactions?
What is the equation of Gibbs for arbitrary concentrations?
∆rG = ∆rGº + RT ln Q
What is the equation relating the reaction quotient (Q) and the equilibrium constant (K)?
∆rGº = -RT ln k
K = e ^ -∆rGº/RT
What is the equation relating temperature to the equilibrium constant?
ln K1 - ln K2 = ∆rHº/R x (1/T1 - 1/T2)
What is the dissociation constant formula?
Ka = 1/Kd
What is pH?
pH = -log10 [H+]
What are some examples of strong acids?
HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
What are some examples of weak acids?
CH3COOH
H2CO3
C6H8O7
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
What is an oxidising agent?
Acts as an electron acceptor and is reduced itself
What is a reducing agent?
Acts as an electron donor and is oxidised itself
What is the value of F (Faraday)?
96485 C•mol-1 (charge per mol)
