Physical Chemistry

Question 1

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 1

The attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions arranged in a lattice.

Question 2

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 2

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice.

Question 3

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 3

A single covalent bond contains a shared pair of electrons.

Question 4

What is dative covalent bonding?

Answer 4

Contains a shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom.

Question 5

What is first ionisation energy?

Answer 5

The amount of energy needed to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of atoms, in the gaseous state (units kJ mol-1)

Question 6

What is the first ionisation energy of Potassium?

Answer 6

K(g) —–> K+(g) + e-

Question 7

What is the second and third ionisation energy of Boron?

Answer 7

2nd IE - B+ (g) —–> B2+(g) + e-

3rd IE - B2+ (g) —–> B3+(g) + e-

Question 8

Describe electrospray ionisation.

Answer 8

· Sample is dissolved in a volatile solvent

· Sample is injected through a needle at high voltage

· Sample is ionised by gaining a proton

Question 9

Describe electro-impact ionisation

Answer 9

· Sample is vapourised

· High-energy electrons are fired at sample

· from an electron gun

· One electron is knocked off each particle

Question 10

What are the 4 steps of mass spectroscopy?

Answer 10

1. Ionisation
2. Acceleration
3. Ion drift
4. Detection

Question 11

What does a mass spectrometer do?

Answer 11

A machine that can be used to analyse elements or compounds, and it can accurately determine the relative atomic mass (Ar) of atoms, or the relative molecular mass (Mr) of molecules.