Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Higher Chemistry > Physical Chemistry > Flashcards

Physical Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the composition of the reactants and products remain constant and the rate of the forward reaction equals that of the reverse reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the equilibrium constant and what is its unit

A

K it doesn’t have units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when temperate is increased

A

The equilibrium will shift towards the products If the reaction is endothermic thus increasing the K value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when temperature is decreased

A

When temperature is decreased in an endothermic reaction the equilibrium shifts towards the reactants this causing the k value to lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effect does a catalyst have on the equilibrium constant

A

No effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ionisation of water equation

A

H2O(l) + H2O(l) -> H30+(aq) + OH-(aq)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the H3O+ ion called

A

The hydronium ion, a hydrated proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does amphoteric mean and why is this quality applied to water

A

Amphoteric means can act as an acid or a base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What represents the disassociation constant of water

A

Kw=[H3O+][OH-]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can pH be calculated

A

pH= -log10[H3O+]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brønsted Lowry definition of an acid

A

A proton donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brønsted Lowry definition of a base

A

A proton acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why acids and bases are completed disassociated in solution

A

Strong acids and strong bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which acids and bases are only partially disassociated in solution

A

Weak acids and weak bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of strong acids

A

Hydrochloride acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of weak acids

A

Carbonic acid, sulfurous acid, ethanoic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are strong bases

A

Solutions of metal hydroxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of weak bases

A

Ammonia and amines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How to calculate the pH of acids

A

pKa=-log10Ka

20
Q

How to Calculate pH of weak acid

A

pH= 1/2pKa-1/2log10C

21
Q

What does a strong acid and strong base produce

A

A neutral salt

22
Q

What does a weak acid and a strong base produce

A

Alkaline salt

23
Q

What does a strong acid and a weak base produced

A

Acidic salt

24
Q

Buffer solution

A

A solution in which the pH remains approximately constant when small amounts of acid and base or water are added.

25
Q

How is an acidic buffer made

A

A weak acid And it’s salt

26
Q

How do acidic buffers work

A

The weak acid provides hydrogen ions when these are removed by the addition of a small amount of base. The salt of the weak acid provides the conjugate base which can absorb excess hydrogen ions produced on the addition of a small amount of ache

27
Q

How is a basic buffer made

A

A weak base and its salt

28
Q

How do basic buffers work

A

The weak base removes excess hydrogen ions when acid is added and the conjugate acid provides by the salt supplies hydrogen ions when bases are added.

29
Q

How is pH of a buffer be calculated

A

pH= pKa-log10[acid]/[salt]

30
Q

What is an indicator

A

A weak acid in which the disassociation constant can be represented as

HIn(aq) + H2O(l) -> H3O+(aq) + In-(aq)

31
Q

How is the color of an indicator determined

A

By the ratio of HIn to In-

32
Q

When does the color change occur in an indicator

A

When H3O+=KIn

33
Q

Enthalpy of formation

A

The enthrall change when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their standard state

34
Q

Standard state

A

Pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature of 298 Kelvin

35
Q

Entropy

A

The measure of the degree of disorder in a system

36
Q

What type of entropy do solids have

A

Low entropy

37
Q

What type of entropy do gases have

A

High degree of entropy

38
Q

What happens to entropy when temperature increases

A

Entropy increases

39
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed so the entropy of the universe is constant

40
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

States that the total entropy of a reaction system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process

41
Q

What happens to entropy when heat energy is released into surroundings

A

The entropy of the surroundings increase

42
Q

What happens when heat energy is released from surrounding

A

The entropy of surroundings decrease

43
Q

Third law of thermodynamics

A

The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0K is zero

44
Q

What happens when the free energy between reactants and products is negative

A

The reaction is said to be feasible

45
Q

What happens when the free energy difference between reactants and products are positive

A

the reaction is not feasible

46
Q

What does free energy equal at equilibrium

A

^G=0

Advanced Higher Chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions