Physical Assessment Exam 2 Flashcards
Distorted/bad taste (symptoms, complaints):
- B12 deficiency anemia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Renal disease
Glossodynia (S,C):
- B12 deficiency anemia
- Folate deficiency anemia
- Diabetes
Xerostomia (S,C):
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Diabetes
- Sjogren’s syndrome
Pain in the mandible (S,C):
- Myeloma
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
Excessive bleeding when brushing (S,C):
Thrombocytopenia due to:
- Leukemia
- Aplastic anemia
- Cancer
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Anemia is a:
symptom, not a disease
Mucosal pallor (sign):
Anemia
Angular chelitis (sign):
- Iron deficiency anemia
2. Folate deficiency
Non specific stomatitis (sign):
- B12 deficiency anemia
2. Folate deficiency anemia
Ulcerative stomatitis (sign):
- Aplastic anemia
- Folate deficiency anemia
- Leukemia
- Neutropenia
Beefy red tongue (sign):
- B12 deficiency anemia (smooth and shiny tongue)
2. Folate deficiency anemia
Periodontal bleeding and inflammation:
Uncontrolled diabetes
Petechiae/ecchymosis (sign):
Thrombocytopenia due to:
- Leukemia
- Aplastic anemia
- Cancer
Loose teeth (sign):
- Myeloma
2. Diabetes
Gingival hyperplasia (sign):
Leukemia
Abnormal radiographs:
- Myeloma
- Thalassemia
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Sickle cell anemia
Prothrombin time INR for:
patients on coumadin
PTT, PT, Platelet function assay (PFA), CBC with platelet count for:
- family history of bleeding
- patients with petechiae/ecchymosis
- hematomas
- unexplained gingival bleeding
- liver disease or alcoholics
PFA:
patients on NSAIDS
CBCs:
- patients with anemia
- infections
- unexplained oral lesions, gingival hyperplasia, gingival bleeding
Hemoglobin A1C:
long term diabetic control
Leukemia oral symptoms:
- excessive bleeding when brushing
- ulcerative stomatitis
- petechiae/ecchymosis
- gingival hyperplasia
Thrombocytopenia oral symptoms:
- excessive bleeding when brushing
2. petechiae/ecchymosis
Diabetes oral symptoms:
- distorted/bad taste
- glossodynia
- xerostomia
- periodontal bleeding/inflammation
- loose teeth
Hyperparathyroidism oral symptoms:
- Abnormal radiographic findings
B12/Folate deficiency oral symptoms:
- distorted/bad taste
- glossodynia
- mucosal pallor
- angular cheilitis
- stomatitis
- ulcerative stomatitis
- beefy/red tongue
- smooth/shiny tongue
Organs evaluated by CMP:
Bone, kidney, liver
children have:
- higher lymphocyte count
2. lower neutrophil count
Tests for detection of anemia:
- RBC
- Hematocrit
- Hemoglobin
- RBC indices
Physiological causes of leukocytosis:
- Exercise
- Emotional disturbance
- Exposure to cold
Increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV):
Decrease in MCV:
larger than normal RBCs or Macrocytosis
smaller than normal RBCs or Microcytosis
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH):
weight of hemoglobin of average RBC
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC):
average concentration % of hemoglobin in RBC; macrocytic cells have normal MCHC
A low MCHC indicates:
hypochromic
When is MCHC increased?
Hereditary spherocytosis
Red cell distribution width (RDW):
variation in sizes of RBCs (higher # equals more variation)
Macrocytic anemia:
- MCHC normal
- Hemoglobin/Hematocrit/RBC decreased
- MCV/MCH increased
low hemoglobin and increased MCV
Microcytic anemia:
- RBC normal
- Hemoglobin/hematocrit/MCV/MCH/MCHC decreased
decreased MCV and MCHC
Normocytic anemia:
- Hemoglobin/hematocrit/RBC decreased
- MCV/MCH/MCHC normal
MCV normal
Anisocytosis:
abnormal variation in size
Poikilocytosis:
abnormal variation in shape
Hypochromia:
decreased color due to decreased hemoglobin
Polychromasia:
bluish color due to RNA presence
neutrophilic leukocytosis:
bacterial infections or cellular inflammation and necrosis
eosinophilia:
allergic reactions or parasitic infestations
lymphocytosis:
viral infections such as mono and hepatitis
monocytosis:
solid tumors, leukemia, multiple myeloma
basophilia:
CML, myeloid metaplasia
Abnormal findings in thrombocytopenia:
TBT and platelet count
Abnormal platelet function test:
bleeding time test
Factor VII deficiency test:
PT
Patient on coumadin should have:
PT and INR