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Ophthalmic Optics > Physical and Optical Characteristics > Flashcards

Physical and Optical Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Image Vergence

A

V = U + P

= object vergence + power

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2
Q

Real Image

A

exiting light with a positive vergence

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3
Q

Virtual Image

A

exiting light with a negative vergence

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4
Q

Real Object

A

incident light with negative vergence

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5
Q

Virtual Object

A

incident light with positive vergence

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6
Q

Paraxial Approximation

A

incident rays are close to optical axis

yields point image for point objects

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7
Q

Optical Axis

A

where light passes through undeviated

line joining 2 centers of curvature of a lens

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8
Q

Axis of Rotation

A

perpendicular to muscle plane that eye moves around

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9
Q

Lens Effectivity

A

change in vergence of light

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10
Q

2 lenses have the same lense effectivity if…..

A

make a real or virtual image at the same point

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11
Q

Marginal Rays

A

rays on periphery, far from optical axis

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12
Q

Paraxial Rays

A

rays in close proximity to optical axis

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13
Q

Aperture Stop

A

limits amount of light passing into an optical system

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14
Q

Field Stop

A

limits size of object that can be imaged by system

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15
Q

Depth of Focus

A

interval surrounding retina where an eye sees an object in focus

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16
Q

Short focal length =

A

large depth of field

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17
Q

Depth of Field

A

interval surrounding fixation plane where an object can be in focus

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18
Q

Increase aperture size =

A

decreased depth of field and focus

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19
Q

Aberrations

A

create optical distortions in image plane

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20
Q

Monochromatic Aberrations

A

wavelength independent aberrations

spherical, coma, radial astigmatism, curvature of field, distortion

21
Q

Chromatic Aberrations

A

longitudinal and transverse

22
Q

Spherical Aberration

A

peripheral rays focus at different points on optical axis than paraxial rays

23
Q

Longitudinal SA

A

length of blur circle

marginal and paraxial rays focused at 2 different places

24
Q

Lateral SA

A

area size of blur circle

25
Q

Increase in pupil size _____ image quality

A

decreases

more aberrations

26
Q

Coma

A

comet shaped

from various magnification in height of incident rays

27
Q

Aberrations cancelled by small pupil size

A

spherical aberration and coma

28
Q

Necessary to compensate for spherical aberration

A

very high powered lenses

29
Q

Influence effective power of a lens

A

vertex distance- increase- more minus; decrease- more plus

rays at oblique angle- makes astigmatism and spherical

30
Q

Oblique Astigmatism

A

from rays hitting lens obliquely causing power to be altered

warped image plane

31
Q

Difference between sagittal and tangential power

A

oblique astigmatism

32
Q

Curvature of Field and Oblique Astigmatism

A

different warping along two principal axis

33
Q

Petzval Surface

A

image surface created by a system with no OA

34
Q

When is the curvature of field present?

A

when Petzval surface does not correspond to the far point of the eye

35
Q

Corrected Curve Lenses

A

lenses corrected for OA, curvature of field, or both

36
Q

Point Focal Lense

A

lens corrected completely for radial astigmatism

curvature of field uncorrected

37
Q

Percival Form Lens

A

lens corrected completely for curvature of field

OA uncorrected

38
Q

Distortion

A

straight line objects that do not pass through the optical axis- curved

39
Q

Distortion is more of a problem in….

A

higher powered lenses

40
Q

Aberrations causing the most concern

A

OA
Curvature of Field
Distortion

41
Q

Higher refractive index = ________ lens

A

thinner

42
Q

Longitudinal Chromatic Aberrations

A

different wavelengths are focused at different distances from lense

43
Q

Transverse Chromatic Aberrations

A

different wavelengths are focused at different points in same focal plane
blue light deviates the most

44
Q

Red-Green test is based on….

A

chromatic aberrations

45
Q

Chromatic Dispersion

A

quantifies the amount of chromatic aberration in a lens

46
Q

Effects of Transverse Chromatic Aberration

A

impacts peripheral viewing
prismatic effects for different wavelengths
greater impact at higher powers, but need a lot to cause issues

47
Q

Minimizing Chromatic Aberrations

A

shorter vertex distance
monocular PDs
add sufficient panto

48
Q

Abbe Number

A

Bigger is better

higher index of refraction = lower number

Ophthalmic Optics (1 decks)

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