Physical and Link Layer Issues Flashcards
1
Q
What are the different types of signal modulation?
A
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Phase Modulation (PM)
2
Q
What is the formula for time to deliver a message of bits?
A
Total Time = Transmission Time + Propagation Time
- Transmission Time = 1 time unit per bit
- Propagation Time (bit) = Only applicable for last bit
3
Q
What are two problems with having a single large LAN?
A
- All broadcast traffic goes to every adapter
- Privacy and security (anyone with Wireshark can see any frames)
4
Q
What are benefits of using separate LANs over a single large LAN?
A
- Additional privacy and security
5
Q
How is it possible to create multiple VLANs on a single switch?
A
- Switches contain software forwarding already
- Identification by port and MAC address
6
Q
What are some distributed algorithms that run in data centers?
A
- Spark
- Hadoop
7
Q
What are some common data center architectures?
A
- Hierarchical Structure
- Interconnection Structure
8
Q
What is a TOR switch?
A
Top of Rack switch - top of the rack of servers in a data center
9
Q
What are the various media that can be used at the physical layer?
A
- Co-axial cable
- Twisted pair (phone cables)
- Fiber
- Radio (WiFi, Bluetooth, Cellular, Satellite)
