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HGD > Physical and Cognitive in Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Physical and Cognitive in Late Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

Average Life Expectancy

A

The number of years that an individual born in a particular year can expect go live.

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2
Q

Average Healthy Life Expectancy

A

The number of years a person born in a particular year can expect to live in full health, without disease.

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3
Q

Maximum Life Expectancy

A

Species specific biological limit to length of life (in years).

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4
Q

Compression of Morbidity

A

Average period of ill health (suffering) before death.

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5
Q

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

A

Basic self-care tasks required to live on one’s own, such as bathing, dressing, eating, mobilizing.

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6
Q

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLS):

A

Tasks necessary to conduct business of daily life. Eg. Shopping, food preparation, house keeping, paying bills.

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7
Q

Visual Impairments (7)

A 
Increased sensitivity to glare
Impaired color discrimination
Poor dark adaptation
Decreased depth perception
Lower visual acuity
Cataracts
Macular degeneration
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8
Q

Tasting in later adult like (4)

A

Decrease in taste buds
Difficulty recognizing familiar foods
Declines in odor sensitivity
Smells self protective functions diminishes

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9
Q

Why does odor sensitivity decrease 3

A
  • Decrease in Smell Receptors
  • Loss of neurons in brain regions that process odors
  • Perception distorted: food no longer small and states right
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10
Q

Vision Problems (3)

A

Loss of self-confidence
Possible problems in daily activities
Changes in leisure activities

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11
Q

Hearing Loss

A

Social isolation, loneliness
Lower self-efficacy
Lower safety and enjoyment

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12
Q

Decreasedtaste and smell

A

Dietary deficiencies

Potential safety risks

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13
Q

Less sensitiveto touch

A

Difficulties with leisure, daily activities depending on fine judgments in texture

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14
Q

Sleeping during this age

A

Reminas constant

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15
Q

Sleeping times

A

Changes EArlier up and down

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16
Q

Sleep difficulties

A

Insomnia
Nighttime waking
Sleep Apnea

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17
Q

Fostering Restful Sleep

A

Consistent routine
Regular exercise
Using bedroom only for sleep

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18
Q

Skin

A

Creases and sags Age spots

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19
Q

Nose and ears

A

Broaden

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20
Q

Subjective and Physical Age

A

Wanting to be younger: less positive well being

Feeling younger: More favorable well-Being

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21
Q

Effective coping strategies from aging (3)

A

Prevention and compensation through diet, exercise and activity
Sense of personal control
Problem centered coping

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22
Q

Adapting to physical change

A

Subjective Vs physical
Coping stratagies
Ass technologies - smart home
Person-Environment Fit

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23
Q

Benefits of exercise (6)

A

Memory and executive function
Perserves brain adn CNS
Endurance training increases vital capacity
Weight-bearing exercise improves walking, balance, posture
Regular, moderate to vigorous exercise improves cognition
Importance of instilling sense of control

24
Q

What is linked to relationship satisfaction

A

Sex

25
Q

What happens to sex

A

Decline

Most married couple continue regular enjoyable sex

26
Q

Factors reducing sex

A

Erection
Fewer male partners for women
Poor mental and physical health

27
Q

What is Primary aging

A

Biological

28
Q

What is biological (primary aging)

A

Genetically influenced declines
Affects all members of species
Occurs even when health is good

29
Q

Secondary Aging

A

Declines due to hereditary defects and negative environmental influences, e.g., diet, pollution
Effects individualized: major contributor to frailty

30
Q

Why does Episodic memory challenges rise substantially (5)

A
  • Slower cognitive processing, reduced working memory: retain fewer details
  • Poor attention to context
  • Recall declines
  • Harder to remember source of information
  • Explicit memory tasks show greatest decline
31
Q

Implicit Memory (5)

A
  • Recognition easier than recall
  • Supported by environmental cues
  • Implicit memory declines far less than explicit memory
  • Depends on familiarity, not conscious use of strategies
  • Semantic memory declines less than recall of everyday experiences (episodic memory)
32
Q

Associative Memory Deficit in Late Life (2)

A

Difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information
Deficits greatly affected by lack of strategy use

33
Q

What are some Difficulties when creating and retrieving links between

A

Associations between unrelated items

Sensory declines subtract from working memory

34
Q

What are helpful stratigies for memory

A

Provide memory cues

Encourage used of memory strategy of elaboration

35
Q

Autobiographical memory stronger for both remote and recent events than for

A

intermediate events

36
Q

Reminiscence bump for events of

A

adolescence, early adulthood

37
Q

Remote memory rules (4)

A

Evident across cultures
Novel experiences stand out
Culturally shared, important life events
Strengthened through lifetime of recalling, retelling

38
Q

Prospective memory, rembering to

A

engage in planned actions in the future

39
Q

What is easier for memory ( event or time based)

A

Event

40
Q

Older adults often generate ___ memory aids to compensate

A

External

41
Q

With completed tasks, harder to

A

deactivate intention; risk of repeating

42
Q

Prospective memory - Benefit from system of

A

reminders that regularly scheduled tasks completed

43
Q

What to u lose in language

A

Retirveing words from long term ( tip of tounge state

Ability to plan what to say

44
Q

Compensatory techniques

A

speak slow

Use more and shorter sentences

45
Q

What advantage in language

A

Narrative competence

46
Q

Elderspeak hinder

A

Comprehension and conversation

47
Q

wisdom in universal and cross culturally

A

Ass with age

48
Q

the 5 ingredients of age

A

Knowledge about life’s fundamental concerns
Effective strategies for applying that knowledge
View of people considers multiple demands of their lives
A concern with ultimate human values
Awareness and management of life’s uncertainties

49
Q

What contributes to wisdom ( not age )

A

Experiences

Personal motivations

50
Q

What are types of life experiences ass with wisdom

A

Training and practice
Leadership position
History of overcoming adversity

51
Q

Ex. of personal motivation contributions fo wisdom

A

Continued desire for personal growth
Sense of autonomy and purpose
Generativity

52
Q

Factors Related to Cognitive Change

A
  • Modest genetic contribution
  • Mentally active life: education, stimulating -leisure, community participation, flexibility
  • Health status
  • Rising instability of performance thatincreases in the seventies
  • Terminal decline
53
Q

Terminal Decline in cognitive change

A

Accelerated deterioration of functioning prior to death

54
Q

Selective

A

Choose personally valued activities, avoid others

55
Q

Optimize

A

Maximize returns from diminishing energy

56
Q

Maximize returns from diminishing energy

A

Find new ways to offset losses

HGD (2 decks)

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