Physical and Chemical Properties Of Matter Flashcards
Solid
Particles are packed very tightly together preventing significant movement beyond vibrations
Applying pressure does not result in compression
Liquid
In liquids particles can move past each other and thus do not have a defined shape, but have a defined volume
Liquids still cannot be compressed without great changes in pressure
Gas
I’m a gas particles have significant energy and a lot of space between them, thus gases have no specific shape or volume and can easily be compressed
Phase
Homogenous region of matter where the physical properties of the material are the same
Single component phase diagram
Important features:
- Solid-Vapour equilibrium line
- Solid-Liquid equilibrium line
- Vapour-Liquid equilibrium line
- triple point
- critical point
- pressure y axis
- temperature x axis
- solid, liquid and gas phases
Density
Mass per unit volume
Ideal Gas Relationship
PV = nRT
P in Pa V in m^3 n in mol R in J/mol.K T in K
Saturated vapour pressure
p* is the symbol
The pressure exerted by the vapour in equilibrium with its liquid form
Vapour pressure is a measure of how volatile a compound is
Normal Boiling point
The boiling point of a pure substance at 1 atm
Partial pressure
The hypothetical pressure that a gas would exert if it occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temp
Partial pressure is the same as the molar fraction of gas in a mixture
Partial pressure equation
Pa = Ya.Pt
Ya = Na/Nt
And can link back to ideal gas law
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy per unit mass required to raise the temperature of the substance by 1C at a constant pressure
Specific Heat of Vaporisation & Fusion
The amount of energy per unit mass required to change the state of a substance from A to B at a constant pressure
Properties of Water
- Has a high heat of vaporisation
- Has a high specific Heat capacity
- Has a high surface tension
- Is less dense in the solid phase that the liquid phase
- Is a strong solvent for many compounds
Intensive Properties
Independent of the quantity of he material
Extensive Properties
An extensive property depends on the quantity of the material
