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ChE Board Review > Physical and Chemical Principles > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Deuterium or heavy hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 and a mass of

A

2

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2
Q

Which is the sweetest of all the sugar?

A

fructose

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3
Q

According to Bronsted – Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that can

A

Donate a proton

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4
Q

What type of colloid is mayonnaise?

A

emulsion

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5
Q 
Which of the followings is the major energy fuel for the brain?
A. acetate 
B. lactate 
C. glucose 
D. glycine
A

C. glucose

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6
Q 
Which of the following is not an amino acid?
A. glutamic acid 
B. aspartic acid 
C. glutamine 
D. palmitic acid
A

D. palmitic acid

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7
Q

The phenomenon in which a steel needle can, with proper care, be made to float on the surface of some water illustrates a property of liquid known as

A

surface tension

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8
Q

By referring only to the periodic table, arrange the following in order of increasing electromagnetivity. Ga, P, As, O, F

A

Ga < As < P < S < O < F

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9
Q 
Which of the following alkanes is gas at room temperature?
A. octane 
B. propane 
C. sicosane 
D. undecane
A

Propane

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10
Q

The unpleasant taste and odor which develops in fats caused by the presence of free acids and oxidation of the double bonds which first forms peroxides.

A

fancidity

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11
Q

The hydrolysis or the splitting of a fat by an alkali, yielding glycerol and molecules of alkali salt of the fatty acid

A

saponification

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12
Q

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is the

A

primary structure

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13
Q

Which of the following is used to confirm urea?

A

Biuret test

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14
Q

Steroids are derivates of which lipid?

A

cholesterol

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15
Q 
Which of the following amino acids has a positively charged side chain?
A. phenylalanine 
B. methionine 
C. lysine 
D. glutamic acid
A

Lysine

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16
Q

Amino acids in their zwitterions form are

A

amphoteric

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17
Q

Which of the following is not a method of denaturing a protein?

A

adding water

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18
Q

Nitrogen oxides from automobile exhausts are chiefly associated with a pollution problem called

A

smog

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19
Q

The ________ is all of the components in the sample containing an analyte.

A

matrix

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20
Q

A zwitterion is an ion that bears both a positive and a negative charge. Write the zwitterion form of glycine (NH2CH2COOH)

A

NH3+CH2COO¯

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21
Q

Common name for hydrated sodium sulfate.

A

glauber’s salt

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22
Q

The pH interval over which a given indicator exhibits a color change is influenced by the following except,

a. temperature
b. ionic strength of the medium
c. concentration of the indicator
d. presence of organic solvents and colloidal particles

A

c. concentration of the indicator

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23
Q

There are four types of coprecipitation, which of these is not a type of coprecipitation, occlusion, and the last is _________.

A

nucleation

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24
Q

Elemental analyses using neutralization titration include the following elements except

a. Chlorine
b. Fluorine
c. iodine
d. Phosphorus

A

c. iodine

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25
Q 
Which one of the following is incombustible ?
A. H2
B. CCl4
C. C2H2
D. S
A

B. CCl4

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26
Q

Friction factor for fluid flow in pipe does not depend upon the

A

pipe length.

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27
Q

_______ is the conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.

A

Nitrogen fixation

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28
Q

Above the stratosphere, the concentration of ozone and other gases is low, and the temperature decreases with increasing altitude

A

mesosphere

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29
Q

The layer of the atmosphere that contains about 80 percent of the total mass of air and practically all of the atmosphere’s water vapor.

A

Troposphere

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30
Q

Above the troposphere, is the ________, which consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone. The air temperature rises with altitude.

A

Stratosphere

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31
Q

An international treaty -________- was signed by most industrialized nations in 1987, setting targets for cutbacks in CFC production and the complete elimination of these substances by the year 2000.

A

Montreal Protocol

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32
Q

Extracting the metals often entails _________-that is, heating the metal sulfide in air to form the metal oxide and sulfur dioxide.

A

Smelting

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33
Q

A curie corresponds to _______ disintegrations of radioactive nuclei per second

A

3.70 x 10^10

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34
Q

_______ is a rather disagreeable-smelling liquid used as a preservative for laboratory specimens.

A

Methanal

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35
Q

Reactions proceeds spontaneously at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the reverse reaction becomes spontaneous.

A
  • Δ H and – ΔS
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36
Q

Geometrically, ________ is the most symmetrical molecule known.

A

Buckminsterfullerene

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37
Q

What determines the degree of completeness of a reaction?

A

equilibrium constant

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38
Q

What is the substance called that causes an alteration of the speed of a chemical reaction?

A

catalyst

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39
Q

What substance does not have catalytic capability, but does increase the effectiveness of a catalyst?

A

promoter

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40
Q

Who first proposed the atomic theory?

A

John Dalton

41
Q

What is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid slightly exceeds the pressure of the atmosphere above the liquid?

A

boiling point

42
Q

Who first came up with the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

43
Q

What is the number of the element on the Periodic Table called?

A

atomic number

44
Q

Who invented the X-ray?

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

45
Q

Who’s theory proposed that electrons are arranged in shells, or quantum levels, at a distance from the nucleus?

A

Bohr

46
Q

What was Melvin Calvin was known for his study of?

A

photosythesis

47
Q

What are chemical changes in organic substances caused by the action of enzymes called?

A

fermentation

48
Q

Who invented vulcanization for the rubber industry?

A

Charles Goodyear

49
Q

What process combines rubber and sulfur at a high temperature?

A

vulcanization

50
Q

Who won the 1944 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in nuclear fission?

A

Otto Hahn

51
Q

Who invented the Carbon-14 dating method?

A

Williard Libby

52
Q

What is the ability of a solid substance to resist abrasion and surface deformation called?

A

hardness

53
Q

What is the resistance to breakage called?

A

tensile strength

54
Q

What is the ability to return to the original shape after being deformed called?

A

elasticity

55
Q

What is the ability to be shaped called?

A

malleability

56
Q

Triglycerides which are solids or semisolids at room temperature are called:

A

Fat

57
Q

The difference between the actual property value of a solution and the value it would have as an ideal solution at the same T and P and composition is called

A

Excess

58
Q

Among the following processes, all of the following will produce an alkane from an alkyl halide except

a) Wurtz Synthesis
b) Reduction with Zn
c) Hydrogenation
d) Corey-House Synthesis

A

Hydrogenation

59
Q

Aromatic compounds are characteristics of

A

Electrophilic substitution

60
Q

Delocalization of pi electrons

A

resonance

61
Q

Hydration of alkynes yields

A

ketone

62
Q

Markovnikoff’s addition of HBr to alkynes dominantly produces

A

Geminal dihalide

63
Q

Ozonolysis of alkenes gives a/an

A

aldehydes

64
Q

An addition reaction initiated by attack by an electron-deficient reagent
(an electrophile), often a proton from a hydronium ion

A

Electrophilic Addition

65
Q

What is the common name of this compound – C6H5OCH3?

A

Anisole

66
Q

The influence of mixing of s and p orbitals; the greater the fraction of
s character of the hybrid orbital, the more electronegative is the atom

A

Hybridization Effect

67
Q

________ is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide.[1] In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues.

A

Edman Degradation

68
Q

Balance the chemical equation given K4Fe(CN)6 + H2SO4 + H2O = K2SO4 + FeSO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + CO

A

1,6,6,2,1,3,6

69
Q

Which of the following types of precipitimetry is used as a direct method for halide determination?

a) Mohr method
b) Volhard method
c) Fajans method
d) none of these

A

a) Mohr method

70
Q

a statement that under certain circumstances certain phenomena can generally be observed.

A

Hypothesis

71
Q

theories that have gained acceptance over a long time are known as

A

laws

72
Q

deals with data, that is, with recorded observations

A

scientific method

73
Q

chemically identical forms of an element, having different numbers of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

74
Q

cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.

A

Elements

75
Q

The phase-change reaction by which dissolved chemicals form insoluble solids is called

A

precipitation reaction

76
Q

Water is ___, that is, it can act as either an acid or a base.

A

Amphoteric

77
Q

occur in natural waters whenever the “coordination” of two (or more) atoms, molecules, or ions results in the formation of a more stable product.

A

Complexation reactions

78
Q

involve changes in the oxidation state of an ion and the transfer of electrons.

A

REDOX Reaction

79
Q

Reactions that take place in a single phase

A

homogeneous reactions

80
Q

are also called paraffins or aliphatic hydrocarbons. With this group of chemicals, the carbon atoms are all linked by single covalent bonds.

A

Alkanes

81
Q

can separate a substance from water or a solid by extracting it into another liquid, hence a phase change from water to a different liquid.

A

Liquid extraction

82
Q

defined as the sum of all titratable bases to a pH of approximately 4.5

A

Alkalinity

83
Q

a diverse group of compounds, make up more than 50% of the dry weight of cells.

A

Proteins

84
Q

global treaty that aims to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases

A

Kyoto Protocol

85
Q

By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back into the atmosphere

A

respiration

86
Q

In COD test, the acid solution is

A

Sulfuric Acid

87
Q

it is called fog whe it its concentration is high enough to obscure visibility

A

mist

88
Q

this provides the blueprint for action towards sustainable development

A

Agenda 21

89
Q

composition of acid rain

A

nitric and sulfuric acid

90
Q

in water treatment plant, zeolite process is used to remove the __ of water

A

hardness

91
Q

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are examples of tools demanded by which ISO series?

A

ISO 14000

92
Q

Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention

A

Dirty Dozen

93
Q

__________ is an American chemical engineer who has recently been awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for pioneering the use of directed evolution to engineer enzymes.

A

Frances Arnold

94
Q

It is the Republic Act that aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources.

A

R.A. 9275

95
Q

What is the chemical formula of aspirin?

A

C9H8O4

96
Q

An organic compound which exhibits no optical activity even with the presence of a chiral carbon in its structure is called a/an __________ compound.

A

meso

97
Q

R.A. 8749 is known as the:

A

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

98
Q

What is the chemical formula and molecular weight of 11-tetradecenyl acetate?

A

C16H30O2, 254 g/mol

99
Q

The only natural amino acid that has no chiral center is:

A

Glycine

ChE Board Review (5 decks)

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