Physical and Chemical Principles Flashcards
Deuterium or heavy hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 and a mass of
2
Which is the sweetest of all the sugar?
fructose
According to Bronsted – Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that can
Donate a proton
What type of colloid is mayonnaise?
emulsion
Which of the followings is the major energy fuel for the brain? A. acetate B. lactate C. glucose D. glycine
C. glucose
Which of the following is not an amino acid? A. glutamic acid B. aspartic acid C. glutamine D. palmitic acid
D. palmitic acid
The phenomenon in which a steel needle can, with proper care, be made to float on the surface of some water illustrates a property of liquid known as
surface tension
By referring only to the periodic table, arrange the following in order of increasing electromagnetivity. Ga, P, As, O, F
Ga < As < P < S < O < F
Which of the following alkanes is gas at room temperature? A. octane B. propane C. sicosane D. undecane
Propane
The unpleasant taste and odor which develops in fats caused by the presence of free acids and oxidation of the double bonds which first forms peroxides.
fancidity
The hydrolysis or the splitting of a fat by an alkali, yielding glycerol and molecules of alkali salt of the fatty acid
saponification
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is the
primary structure
Which of the following is used to confirm urea?
Biuret test
Steroids are derivates of which lipid?
cholesterol
Which of the following amino acids has a positively charged side chain? A. phenylalanine B. methionine C. lysine D. glutamic acid
Lysine
Amino acids in their zwitterions form are
amphoteric
Which of the following is not a method of denaturing a protein?
adding water
Nitrogen oxides from automobile exhausts are chiefly associated with a pollution problem called
smog
The ________ is all of the components in the sample containing an analyte.
matrix
A zwitterion is an ion that bears both a positive and a negative charge. Write the zwitterion form of glycine (NH2CH2COOH)
NH3+CH2COO¯
Common name for hydrated sodium sulfate.
glauber’s salt
The pH interval over which a given indicator exhibits a color change is influenced by the following except,
a. temperature
b. ionic strength of the medium
c. concentration of the indicator
d. presence of organic solvents and colloidal particles
c. concentration of the indicator
There are four types of coprecipitation, which of these is not a type of coprecipitation, occlusion, and the last is _________.
nucleation
Elemental analyses using neutralization titration include the following elements except
a. Chlorine
b. Fluorine
c. iodine
d. Phosphorus
c. iodine
Which one of the following is incombustible ? A. H2 B. CCl4 C. C2H2 D. S
B. CCl4
Friction factor for fluid flow in pipe does not depend upon the
pipe length.
_______ is the conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.
Nitrogen fixation
Above the stratosphere, the concentration of ozone and other gases is low, and the temperature decreases with increasing altitude
mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that contains about 80 percent of the total mass of air and practically all of the atmosphere’s water vapor.
Troposphere
Above the troposphere, is the ________, which consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone. The air temperature rises with altitude.
Stratosphere
An international treaty -________- was signed by most industrialized nations in 1987, setting targets for cutbacks in CFC production and the complete elimination of these substances by the year 2000.
Montreal Protocol
Extracting the metals often entails _________-that is, heating the metal sulfide in air to form the metal oxide and sulfur dioxide.
Smelting
A curie corresponds to _______ disintegrations of radioactive nuclei per second
3.70 x 10^10
_______ is a rather disagreeable-smelling liquid used as a preservative for laboratory specimens.
Methanal
Reactions proceeds spontaneously at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the reverse reaction becomes spontaneous.
- Δ H and – ΔS
Geometrically, ________ is the most symmetrical molecule known.
Buckminsterfullerene
What determines the degree of completeness of a reaction?
equilibrium constant
What is the substance called that causes an alteration of the speed of a chemical reaction?
catalyst
What substance does not have catalytic capability, but does increase the effectiveness of a catalyst?
promoter
Who first proposed the atomic theory?
John Dalton
What is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid slightly exceeds the pressure of the atmosphere above the liquid?
boiling point
Who first came up with the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What is the number of the element on the Periodic Table called?
atomic number
Who invented the X-ray?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Who’s theory proposed that electrons are arranged in shells, or quantum levels, at a distance from the nucleus?
Bohr
What was Melvin Calvin was known for his study of?
photosythesis
What are chemical changes in organic substances caused by the action of enzymes called?
fermentation
Who invented vulcanization for the rubber industry?
Charles Goodyear
What process combines rubber and sulfur at a high temperature?
vulcanization
Who won the 1944 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in nuclear fission?
Otto Hahn
Who invented the Carbon-14 dating method?
Williard Libby
What is the ability of a solid substance to resist abrasion and surface deformation called?
hardness
What is the resistance to breakage called?
tensile strength
What is the ability to return to the original shape after being deformed called?
elasticity
What is the ability to be shaped called?
malleability
Triglycerides which are solids or semisolids at room temperature are called:
Fat
The difference between the actual property value of a solution and the value it would have as an ideal solution at the same T and P and composition is called
Excess
Among the following processes, all of the following will produce an alkane from an alkyl halide except
a) Wurtz Synthesis
b) Reduction with Zn
c) Hydrogenation
d) Corey-House Synthesis
Hydrogenation
Aromatic compounds are characteristics of
Electrophilic substitution
Delocalization of pi electrons
resonance
Hydration of alkynes yields
ketone
Markovnikoff’s addition of HBr to alkynes dominantly produces
Geminal dihalide
Ozonolysis of alkenes gives a/an
aldehydes
An addition reaction initiated by attack by an electron-deficient reagent
(an electrophile), often a proton from a hydronium ion
Electrophilic Addition
What is the common name of this compound – C6H5OCH3?
Anisole
The influence of mixing of s and p orbitals; the greater the fraction of
s character of the hybrid orbital, the more electronegative is the atom
Hybridization Effect
________ is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide.[1] In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues.
Edman Degradation
Balance the chemical equation given K4Fe(CN)6 + H2SO4 + H2O = K2SO4 + FeSO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + CO
1,6,6,2,1,3,6
Which of the following types of precipitimetry is used as a direct method for halide determination?
a) Mohr method
b) Volhard method
c) Fajans method
d) none of these
a) Mohr method
a statement that under certain circumstances certain phenomena can generally be observed.
Hypothesis
theories that have gained acceptance over a long time are known as
laws
deals with data, that is, with recorded observations
scientific method
chemically identical forms of an element, having different numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes
cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.
Elements
The phase-change reaction by which dissolved chemicals form insoluble solids is called
precipitation reaction
Water is ___, that is, it can act as either an acid or a base.
Amphoteric
occur in natural waters whenever the “coordination” of two (or more) atoms, molecules, or ions results in the formation of a more stable product.
Complexation reactions
involve changes in the oxidation state of an ion and the transfer of electrons.
REDOX Reaction
Reactions that take place in a single phase
homogeneous reactions
are also called paraffins or aliphatic hydrocarbons. With this group of chemicals, the carbon atoms are all linked by single covalent bonds.
Alkanes
can separate a substance from water or a solid by extracting it into another liquid, hence a phase change from water to a different liquid.
Liquid extraction
defined as the sum of all titratable bases to a pH of approximately 4.5
Alkalinity
a diverse group of compounds, make up more than 50% of the dry weight of cells.
Proteins
global treaty that aims to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases
Kyoto Protocol
By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back into the atmosphere
respiration
In COD test, the acid solution is
Sulfuric Acid
it is called fog whe it its concentration is high enough to obscure visibility
mist
this provides the blueprint for action towards sustainable development
Agenda 21
composition of acid rain
nitric and sulfuric acid
in water treatment plant, zeolite process is used to remove the __ of water
hardness
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are examples of tools demanded by which ISO series?
ISO 14000
Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention
Dirty Dozen
__________ is an American chemical engineer who has recently been awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for pioneering the use of directed evolution to engineer enzymes.
Frances Arnold
It is the Republic Act that aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources.
R.A. 9275
What is the chemical formula of aspirin?
C9H8O4
An organic compound which exhibits no optical activity even with the presence of a chiral carbon in its structure is called a/an __________ compound.
meso
R.A. 8749 is known as the:
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
What is the chemical formula and molecular weight of 11-tetradecenyl acetate?
C16H30O2, 254 g/mol
The only natural amino acid that has no chiral center is:
Glycine
