physical and chemical methods of sterilization

Question 1

compounds have long chain hydrocarbons that are fat soluble
and charged ions that are water-soluble.

Answer 1

Surface active agents

Question 2

these are detergents where the fat soluble portion is positively charged due to the combination with a quarternary nitrogen atom.

Answer 2

Cationic agents

Question 3

are negatively charged agents that contain long-chain hydrocarbons

Answer 3

anionic agents

Question 4

these act by disrupting cell membranes as well as causing precipitation of proteins and inactivation of enzymes

Answer 4

phenolic compounds

Question 5

these are coal tar derivatives that act as disinfectants at high concentrations and as antiseptics at low concentrations.

Answer 5

phenolic compounds

Question 6

are bactericidal and fungicidal with good activity against mycobacteria but have poor activity against spores and most viruses.

Answer 6

Phenols

Question 7

are phenol derivatives more potent and safer than phenol.

Answer 7

cresols

Question 8

is used as a skin disinfectant if in isopropanol solution. the aqueous preparation is used for wound irrigation. its main use is as an antiseptic hand wash

Answer 8

chlorhexidine

Question 9

is no longer used as a disinfectant because it is toxic to human cells.

Answer 9

phenol

Question 10

are used for topical purposes. they are effective against gram positive bacteria

Answer 10

chloroxylenols

Question 11

is a chlorinated diphenyl which has a greater activity against gram positive bacteria similar to chloroxylenols

Answer 11

hexachlorophene

Question 12

an organic phenyl ether, has good activity against gram-positive bacteria and a number of gram-negative including pseudomonas.

Answer 12

Triclosan

Question 13

disorganize the lipid structure of the cell membrane, dehydrate cells, and cause denaturation and coagulation of cellular proteins.

Answer 13

Alcohols

Question 14

used as a skin antiseptic, it is bactericidal and removes lipids from skin surfacess.

Answer 14

ethyl alcohol

Question 15

it has a greater bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol and is less volatile. it can be used to disinfect surfaces.

Answer 15

isopropyl alcohol

Question 16

it is used mainly as preservatives

Answer 16

benzyl alcohol

Question 17

it is fungicidal and sporicidal used in disinfecting inoculation hoods

Answer 17

methyl alcohol

Question 18

cause damage to the enzyme activity of bacteria. they also cause precipitation of proteins and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups

Answer 18

heavy metals

Question 19

are biocidal and are used as antiseptics. these are active against viruses at dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000

Answer 19

mercurials

Question 20

bactericidal oxidizing agents that cause oxidation of essential sulfhydryl groups of enzymes causing inactivation of the enzymes

Answer 20

halogens

Question 21

is considered the best antiseptic because it is sporicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, viricidal, and amoebicidal.

Answer 21

iodine

Question 22

is mainly used in the treatment of water.

Answer 22

chlorine

Question 23

are used for sanitizing dairy and fod processing equipment

Answer 23

hypochlorites

Question 24

is a weak antiseptic and used only for cleaning wounds and in the disinfection of surgical devices and soft plastic contact lenses

Answer 24

hydrogen peroxide

Question 25

is used for surface disinfection. it can be used to sterilize bedding and furniture. it is also used to kill mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and fungi in athletes’ foot

Answer 25

formaldehyde (formalin)

Question 26

is sporicidal and is used as a cold sterilant in sterilizing medical equipment such as respiratory therapy machines and other equipment that can be damaged by heat

Answer 26

glutaraldehyde

Question 27

is used in gaseous sterilization of heat-sensitive materials or equipment like heart-lung machines, respiratory and dental equipment. slower acting.

Answer 27

ethylene oxide